dismissed EB-1A Case: Electrical Engineering

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, * Office ojAdmlnrstratrve Appeals MS 2090 
Washington, DC 20529-2090 
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U. S. Citizenship 
and Immigration 
COPY 
PETITION: 
 Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker as an Alien of Extraordinary Ability Pursuant to Section 
203(b)(l)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. 5 11 53(b)(I)(A) 
ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER: 
This is the decision of the Administrative Appeals Office in your case. All documents have been returned to 
the office that originally decided your case. Any further inquiry must be made to that office. 
If you believe the law was inappropriately applied or you have additional information that you wish to have 
considered, you may file a motion to reconsider or a motion to reopen. Please refer to 8 C.F.R. 5 103.5 for 
the specific requirements. All motions must be submitted to the office that originally decided your case by 
filing a Form I-290B, Notice of Appeal or Motion, with a fee of $585. Any motion must be filed within 30 
days of the decision that the motion seeks to reconsider or reopen, as required by 8 C.F.R. 5 103.5(a)(l)(i). 
pohn F. ~rissom 
Acting Chief, Administrative Appeals Office 
DISCUSSION: The employmenf-based inmigrant visa petition was denied by the Director, Nebraska 
Service Center, and is now before the Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) on appeal. The appeal 
will be dismissed. 
The petitioner seeks classification as an employment-based immigrant pursuant to section 
203(b)(l)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (the Act), 8 U.S.C. 5 1153(b)(l)(A), as an alien 
of extraordinary ability in the sciences. The director determined that the petitioner had not established 
the sustained national or international acclaim necessary to qualify for classification as an alien of 
extraordinary ability. 
On appeal, the petitioner argues that he meets at lecst three of the regulatory criteria at 8 C.F.R. 
S 204.5(h)(3). 
Section 203(b) of the Act states, in pertinent part, that: 
(1) Priority workers. -- Visas shall first be made available . . . to qualified immigrants who are 
zliens described in any of th2 following subparagraphs (A) through (C): 
(A) Aliens wi~h extraordit~ary a1)ility. -- An alinll is described in this subpwagraph if -- 
(i) the allie;~ hdj extrao~dinaty ability in the sciences, arts, education, 
busin:ss, or atl~letics which has been demonstrated by sustained national or 
internationai acclairn and whose achievements have been recognized in the 
field thraugh extensive docun~entation, 
(ii) the aliel: sezks to erller the United States to continue work in the ,area of 
extraordinary ability, and 
(iii) the alien's entry into the LJnited States will substantially benefit 
prospectively the IJnited States. 
U.S. Citizensnip and Immigration Services (USCIS) and legacy Immigration and Xaturalization 
Service (JNS) have consistently rscugnized that Congress intended to set a very high standard for 
individuals seeking immigrant visas as aliens of extraordinary ability. See 56 Fed. Reg. 60897, 
60898-99 (Nov. 29, 1991). As used in this section, the term "extraordinary ability" means a level of 
expertise indicating that the i~dividual is one of that sinall percentage who have risen to the very top 
of the field of endeavor. 
 8 C.F.R. § 204.5(h)(2). 
 The specific requirements for supporting 
documents to establish that an alien has sustained national or international acclaim and recognition 
in his or her field of expertise are set forth in the regulation at 8 C.F.R. 5 204.5(h)(3). The relevant 
criteria will be addressed below. It should be reiterated, however, that the petitioner must show that 
he has sustained national or international acclaim at the very top level. 
This petition, filed on December 4, 2006, seeks to classify the petitioner as an alien with 
extraordinary ability as an electrical engineer. At the time of filing, the petitioner was working as an 
Assistant Project Scientist at the California Institute f~r '~elecommunications and Information 
Technology (Calit2) at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). 
The regulation at 8 C.F.R. 5 204.5(h)(3) indicates that an alien can establish sustained national or 
international acclaim through evidence of a me-time achievement (that is, a major, internationally 
recognized award). Barring the alien's receipt of such an award, the regulation outlines ten criteria, 
at least three of which must be satisfied for an alien to establish the sustained acclaim necessary to 
qualify as an alien of extraordinary ability. A petitioner, however, cannot establish eligibility for this 
classification merely by submitting evidence that simply relates to at least three criteria at 8 C.F.R. 
9 204.5(h)(3). In determining whether the petitioner meets a specific criterion, the evidence itself 
must be evaluated in terms of whether it is indicative of or consistent with sustained national or 
international acclaim. A lower evidentiary standard would not be consistent with the regulatory 
definition of "extraordinary ability" as "a level of expertise indicating that the individual is one of 
that small percentage who have risen to the very top of the field of endeavor." 8 C.F.R. 
9 204.5(h)(2). The petitioner has submitted evidence pertaining to the following criteria.' 
.Dclcurnentntion ofthe alien's receipt t!f'!~sser nationally or internationally recognized 
prizes or awards-for excellence in the, field oj-endeallor. 
The petitioner submitted a July 2006 letter atldrcssed to him from 
, stating:. "I would like ro take this 
your inclusior, in this year's edition of 
 to be published in 
November." The letter states  hat the petitioner's biographical entry wiil appear "in the 207 
edition" and requests that he review a f'ol-nl containing his personal inform~tion, make any necessary 
changes, and return the fom~ to the publisher. There is no evidence showing the page containing the 
petitioner's published entry in the 2007 edition. in response to the director's request for evidence, 
the petitioner submitted information about from its internet site. In i he 
"FAQ's" section, it states: "Often individuals are considered on the basis of their professional 
positions alone." The petitioner's selection to appear in in America represents 
his inclusion in a comprehensive professional directory rather than his receipt of a nationally or 
internationally recognized prize or award for excellence in his field. Appearing as one of thousands 
of other successful professionals in a frequently 2ublished directory is not evidence of national or 
international acclaim. 
The petitioner also submitted an April 26, 2005 letter addressed to him from- 
UCSD Division, Calit2, stating: 
 "1 am happy to allocate $96,000 in support of your Wireless 
Communications System Research and Prototyping Lab (Calradio 1.5) according to the attached 
project plan and budget. . . . I look forward to continued progress on this exciting project!" With 
regard to this ongoing research project for which the petitioner received funding, it is noted that 
research grants simply fund a scientist's work. The past achievements of the principal investigator 
are a factor in grant proposals. The funding institution has to be assured that the investigator is 
capable of performing the proposed research. Nevertheless, a research grant is principally designed 
I The petitioner does not claim to meet or submit evidence relating to the criteria not discussed in this decision. 
Page 4 
to fund future scientific research, and is not a national or international award to honor or recognize 
excellent achievement in the field. Further, we note that a substantial amount of scientific research 
is funded by research grants from a variety of public and private sources. Therefore, we cannot 
sonclude that obtaining funding for one's research constitutes receipt of a nationally or 
internationally recognized prize or award for excellence in the field of endeavor. 
In light of the above, the petitioner has not established that he meets this criterion. 
Documentation of the alien's membership in associations in the Jield for which 
clusszfication is sought, which require outstanding achievements of their members, as 
judged by recognized national or international experts in their disciplines orJields. 
In order to demonstrate that membership in an association meets this criterion, a petitioner must 
show that the association requires outstanding achievement as an essential condition for admission to 
membership. Membership requirements based on employment or. activity in a given field, minimum 
education or experience, standardized test scores, grade point average, recommendations by 
colleagues or current members, or payment of dues, do not satisfy this criterion as such requirements 
do not constitute outstanding achievements. Further, the overall prestige of a given association is 
fiot determinative; the issue here is ~rernbership requirements r2ther than the association's overall 
reputation. 
The petitioner submitted evidence showing that he became a "Full Member" of Sigma Xi, the 
Scientific Research Society, in 2006. The letter welcoming the petitioner to Sigma Xi states that the 
'society has "nearly 65,000 active members." In response to the director's request for evidence, the 
petitioner submitted information from Signla Xi's internet site reflecting Its requirements for Full 
Membership: 
An individual who has shown noteworthy achievement as an original investigator in a field 
of pure or applied science is eligible for election to Full Membership. This noteworthy 
achievement must be evidenced by publication as a first author on two articles published in 
a refereed journal, patents, written reports or a thesis or dissertation. 
A "noteworthy achievement" is not necessarily indicative of "outstanding achievements." As 
publication is inherent to the research field, we cannot conclude that primary authorship of two papers is 
indicative of outstanding achievements. 
The petitioner submitted his 2006 membership card for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics 
Engineers (IEEE) reflecting that he holds the grade of "Member." In response to the director's request 
for evidence. the petitioner submitted information from the IEEE's internet site stating that the IEEE 
has "more than 375,000 members." The material from the IEEE's internet site included a section 
entitled "Qualifications for IEEE Membership" stating: 
Member grade is limited to those who have satisfied IEEE-specified educational 
requirements andlor who have demonstrated professional competence in IEEE,-designated 
Page 5 
fields of interest. For admission or transfer to the grade of Member, a candidate shall be 
either: 
(a) An individual who shall have received a three-to-five year university-level or higher 
deg,ree (i) from an accredited institution or program and (ii) in an IEEE-designated field 
(b) An individual who shall have received a three-to-five year university-level or higher 
degree from an accredited institution or program and who has at least three years of 
professional work experience engaged in teaching, creating, developing, practicing or 
managing in IEEE-designated fields; or 
(c) An individual who, through at least six years of professional work experience, has 
demonstrated competence in teaching, creating. developing, practicing or managing within 
IEEE-designated fields. 
The grade of Senior Member is the highest for which application may be made and shall 
require experience reflecting professional maturity. 
The grlrdc of Fellow recogniz,es i~nusual distinction in the profession and shall be conferred 
only by invitation of the Board of Directors upon a person with an extraordinary recdrd of 
accomplishments in any of the IEEE-designated fields. 
With regard to the petitioner's "Mernber" grade, we cmot conclude that meeting niillimum 
"educational requirements" and demonstrating "professional competence" are tantamount to 
"outstanding achievements." Further, we note that the petitioner's category is the least restrictive 
among the above three grades of membership within the IEEE. Accordingly, the petitioner's level of 
membershp in the IEEE is not an indication that he "is one of that small percentage who have risen to 
the very top of the field of endeavor." 8 C.F.R. 8 204.5(h)(2). 
In this case, there is no evidence showing that the petitioner holds membership in an organization 
requiring outstanding achievements its members, as judged by recognized national or international 
experts in his field or an allied one. Accordingly, the petitioner has not established that he meets this 
criterion. 
Published material about the alien in professional or major trade publications or other 
major media, relating to the alien's work in thejeld for which classijication is sought. 
Such evidence shall include the title, date, and author of the material, and any necessary 
translation. 
In general, in order for published material to meet this criterion, it must be primarily about the petitioner 
and, as stated in the regulations, be printed in professional or major trade publications or other major 
media. To qualify as major media, the publication should have significant national or international 
Page 6 
distribution. An alien would not earn acclaim at the national level from a local publication. Some 
newspapers, such as the New York Times, nominally serve a particular locality but would qualify as 
major media because of significant national distribution, unlike small local community papers.2 
In response to the director's request for evidence, the petitioner submitted a tutorial review in the 
July 2007 issue of Proceedings of the IEEE that comments on his work and that of dozens of other 
researchers. This tutorial review was published subsequent to the petition's filing date. A petitioner, 
however, must establish eligibility at the time of filing. 8 C.F.R. $4 103.2(b)(l), (12); Matter of 
Katigbak. 14 I&N Dec. 45, 49 (Regl. Commr. 1971). Accordingly, the AAO will not consider this 
evidence in this proceeding. Nevertheless, the review article is not primarily about the petitioner. 
In light of the above, the petitioner has not established that he meets this criterion. 
Evidence of the alien S participation, either individually or on a panel, as a judge of the 
work of others in the same or an alliedjield of specrJication for which classification is 
sought. 
The petitioner submitted evidence showing that he reviewed numerous papers submitted to journals 
such as IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, IEEE Transuctions on Signal Processing, 
IEEE Signal Processing Letters, IEEE Transactions gn Vehicular Technology, IEEE 
C'ommunications Letters, Journal of Communications and Networks, Wireless Networks, Wireless 
Communications and Mobile Computing, and Circuits. Systems and Signal Processing. The 
petitioner also submitted evidence showing that he reviewed numerous papers submitted to 
iriternational conferences such as the 14'~ European Signal Processing Conference and the 2004, 
2005 and 2006 IEEE Global Communications Conferences. In light of his review of numerous 
research papers submitted for publication in several journals and for multiple conferences, the 
petitioner has established that he meets this criterion. 
Evidence of /he alien S original scientific, scholarly, artistic, athletic, or business- 
related contributions ofmajor significance in the jiela'. 
The petitioner submitted several letters of recommendation. 
[The petitioner] was a post-doctoral researcher in my research group and so I am intimately 
familiar with his technical abilities. . . . He currently is an assistant project scientist in the 
California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology . . . . [The 
petitioner] received his Ph.G. from Stevens Institute of Technology in Ho ken, New Jersey, 
a premier university, under the supervision of and both of wiom 
2 
 Even with nationally-circulated newspapers, consideration must be given to the placement of the article. For example, 
an article that appears in the Washington Post, but in a section that is distributed only in Fairfax County, Virginia, for 
instance, cannot serve to spread an individual's reputation outside of that county. 
are distinguished researchers in wireless communications. For his Ph.D., [the petitioner's] 
research was on the key enabling technologies of OFDMA [Orthogonal Frequency Division 
Multiple Access] system for broadband wireless communications. In particular, he was the 
first to propose an efficient subspace based algorithm for estimating multi-user carrier 
frequency offset estimation simultaneously in the uplink of OFDMA system using 
interleaved subcarrier assignment. He also developed an interference cancellation scheme 
for generalized OFDMA uplink at the base station without the need to feedback the 
frequency errors to each individual users. Jointly, both methods formed a [sic] uplink 
frequency synchronization solution for broadband wireless systems using OFDMA. 
As a head of the research project entitled, "Advanced Multiple Antenna Broadband Software 
Defined Radio Test-bed," [the petitioner] has led his team to develop innovative radio signal 
processing algorithms, such as timing and frequency synchronization, for OFDM-based 
wireless systems. He has also developed a system-level design methodology to improve 
efficiency in the research, development, and deployment of advanced radio communication 
systems. 
Telecommunications and Information Technology at JJSCD's Department of Electrical and 
Con?puter Engineering, sta[es: 
Under his leadership, [the petitioner's] team has successfully designed and integrated a state- 
of-the-art hardware experimental platfonn of multiple antennas broadband software-defined 
radio for purposes of research, development, and education. His team has also developed a 
system-level design methodology for improving efficiency in the research, development, and 
deployment of advanced radio communication systems. The results of this particular 
achievement were recently published in the prestigious 2006 IEEE Radio and Wireless 
Symposium. 
Professor Emeritus and Research Professor at Northeastern University, and an 
Adjunct Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at UCSD, states: 
[The petitioner's] expertise lies in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, multiple- 
input-multiple-output antenna array systems, and software-defined radio prototyping. I came 
to know [the petitioner] through our cooperation in a project entitled, "Multi-Antenna 
Wireless Communication Systems," in which I am one of the principal investigators. He is 
also actively involved in the other important project, the Army Research Office's Multi- 
University Research Initiative on "Space-Time Processing for Tactical Mobile Ad-Hoc 
Networks," in which I am also a principal investigator. 
In the past few years, [the petitioner] has made several important contributions in the field of 
radio communications. For instance, he has led a team of researchers in designing a state-of- 
the-art hardware experirnental platform to facilitate academic research and development of 
multiple antennas broadband software-defined radio. His work has attracted considerable 
attention arid funding from the research department of Ericsson, the world's largest wireless 
infrastructure provider. In addition, [the petitioner] has had his scientific findings accepted 
for publication in some of the field's most prestigious jounials, including IEEE Transactions 
on Communications and IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 
- Associate Director, Calit2, and Adjunct Professor in the Department of 
Electrical and Computer Engineering, UCSD, states: "[The petitioner] is an accomplished 
researcher in the field of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDM) technology. He 
has published several papers in the field . . . ." 
The preceding letters from, and 
 all mention the petitioner's publications. 
The petitioner's published work is far more relevant to the "authorship of scholarly articles" criterion 
at 8 C.F.R. fj 204.5(h)(3)(vi). Mere it should be emphasized that the regulatory criteria are separate 
and distinct from one another. Because separate criteria exist for authorship of scholarly articles and 
original contributions of major significance. USCIS clearly does not view the two as being 
interchangeable. If evidence sufficient to meet one criterion mandated a finding that an alien met 
mother criterion, thi: requirerneilt [hat an alien meet at least :hree criteria would be meaningless. We 
will fully address the published work authored by the petitioner under the next criterion. 
Prohssor of Digita: Transmissions and ~~elecommunicatior~s, Department of 
Information Engineering, University of Pisa, states: 
[The petitioner] was !he first person to provide an original solution to frequency 
synchronizaticn on an interleaved OFDMA uplink. where it is especially difficult to separate 
the synchronization errors elicited from multiple users using traditional filter methods. [The 
petitioner] is also credited with having created a novel signal model based on the inner 
structure of radio waveforms and for having designed an efficient algorithm to resolve this 
formidable problem. Using his method, the frequency offset of each user can be 
simultaneously estimated and corrected in the uplink without having to resort to the feedback 
procedure normally requirsd. The system efficiency is therefore improved and the cost of 
using this technology is reduced. 
, technical consultant and former Director of the Center for Wireless Techrlology 
Security at the Stevens Institute of Technology, states: 
At the Stevens Institute of Technology, [the petitioner] made significant contributions to 
establish the Institute's software-defined radio wireless networking test-bed. He was among 
the few leading researchers to design, develop, and validate this state-of-the-art facility for 
national mission-critical radio communication research. This test-bed has played a central 
role in several National Science Foundation (NSF) and Department of Defense (DOD) 
projects . . . because it is able to carry out real-time experiments on sophisticated radio 
Page 9 
transmission scherncs, nxasure cornplex data, and characterize interference in a wireless 
network. 
[The petitioner] has also led his current research team at the University of California, San 
Diego, to realize low-cost, software defined radio based interoperability by integrating 
different radio waveforms and systems, and designing novel algorithms and design 
methodologies. Funded by the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information 
Techno!ogy and Ericsson, [the petitioner's] work has resulted in an advanced experimental 
platform for a software-defined radio system characterized by broadband signal and multiple 
antennas. This platform has many potentials filr experimental research in cognitive radio, 
which promises greater productive use of existing radio frequencies, an important, but non- 
regenerative eco~lomic resource. 
In the area of OFDMA technology, [the petitioner] has proposed several innovative 
algorithms and schemes for the enabling technology of OFDMA systems. 
Associate Director of the Wireless Network Securiry (Jsnter and ill1 Ass~stant 
Professor in the Department of Electriczi anc! Computer Engineering at the Stevens In~titute of 
Vhe petitioner) was a member of my research group from 2001 to 2004, during which $me 
he mnde important contributions to orthogo~al frequency division multiplexing (OFDM') and 
its multiple access scheme, OFlIM.4. FIe was aiso instrumental in developing Stevsns' 
software-defined radio test-bed Saciiitics and in ensuring the success of several related 
projects funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and other government agencies. 
, Director and Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer 
Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, who also supervised the petitioner's Ph.1). research, 
states: 
[The petitioner] creatively organi~ed the signals received at the multi-user receiver side into 
an innovative signal model. He then invented an estimation method to identify the frequency 
offsets between different users and the multi-user receiver. [The petitioner] also created two 
methods to efficiently restore the synchronization among multiple users at the multi-usei 
receiver. 
While the petitioner's research is nc doubt of value, it can be argued that any research must be 
shown to be original and present some benefit if it is to receive funding and attention from the 
scientific community. Any Ph.D. thesis or published research, in order to be accepted for 
graduation, publication or funding, must offer new and useful information to the pool of knowledge. 
It does not follow that every researcher who performs original research that adds to the general pool 
ofknowledge has inherently made a contribution of major significance in the field. 
Page 10 
[The petitioner] is an expert in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) for 
broadband radio communications and software define radio (SDR) prototyping for multiple 
antenna ('MIMO') ad hoc radio networking systems. These are considered to be enabling 
technologies for network centric operations as envisaged in the U.S. Army's Future Combat 
System . . . . [The petitioner's] contributions to these fields include new system modeling of 
interleaved OFDMA, novel multi-user synchronization schemes, new interference 
cancellation schemes, and state-of-the-art software defined radio design. The software define 
radio platform, which he is developing at the California Institute for Telecommunications 
and Information Technology (at the University of California - San Diego), is of particular 
importance because it offers a full life-cycle capability to design, emulate, prototype and 
verify new communications technologies and protocols, for both commercial and military 
applications. 
As far aslhe industry is concerned, virtually all future systems will be based on OFDM. 
However, a critical obstacle to the realization of a practical OFDM-based system is the weak 
frequency synchronization between multiple users sharing the communication link. To 
overcome this obstacle, [the petitioner] has designed an innovative algorithm to estimate the 
frequency synchronization errors of multiple users and further developed an efficient 
algorithm to correct the radio waveform at the base station. In fact, the performance curve he 
has set may serve as a benchmark for designing the next generation of radio systems. 
We note statement that the petitioner's work "may serve as a benchmark for 
designing the next generation of radio systems." In the same manner as m- 
discussed the potential of the petitioner's experimental platform. With regard to the witnesses of 
record, many of them they discuss what may, might, or could one day result from the petitioner's 
work, rather than how his past research already qualifies as a contribution of major significance in 
the field. A petitioner cannot file a petition under this classification based on the expectation of 
fi~ture eligibility. 
 See Matter of Katigbak, 14 I&N Dec. at 45, 49. 
 While the petitioner has 
performed admirably on the research projects to which he was assigned, the evidence of record does 
not establish that he has made original scientific contributions of major significance in his field. 
According to the regulation at 8 C.F.R. 5 204.5(h)(3)(v), an alien's contributions must be not only 
original but of major significance. We must presume that the phrase "major significance" is not 
superfluous and, thus, that it has some meaning. While the petitioner has earned the admiration of 
those offering letters of support, the record lacks evidence showing that his work constitutes original 
contributions of major significance in his field consistent with sustained national or international 
acclaim. For example, the record does not indicate the extent to which his work has impacted others 
in his field nationally or internationally, nor does it show that the field of wireless technology has 
significantly changed as a result of his work. 
Page ! 1 
In this case, the letters of support submitted by the petitioner's research superiors and professional 
contacts are not sufficient to meet this criterion. The opinions of experts in the field, while not 
without weight, cannot form the cornerstone of a successful extraordinary ability claim. USCIS 
may. in its discretion, use as advisory opinions statements submitted as expert testimony. See Matter 
of Caron Internationul, 19 I&N Dec. 791, 795 (Commr. 1988). However, USCIS is ultimately 
responsible for making the final determination regarding an alien's eligibility for the benefit sought. 
i'd. The submission of letters from experts supporting the petition is not presumptive evidence of 
elig~bility; USCIS may evaluate the content of those letters as to whether they support the alien's 
eligibility. See id. at 795-796. 'Thus, the content of the experts' statements and how they became 
aware of the petitioner's reputation are important considerations. Even when written by independent 
experts, letters solicited by an alien in support of an immigration petition are of less weight than 
preexisting, independent evidence of original contributions of major significance that one would 
expect of a scientific researcher who has sustained national or international acclaim. Without 
evidence showing that the petitioner's work has been unusually influential, highly acclaimed 
throughout his field, or has otherwise risen to the level of contributions of major significance, we 
cannot conclude that he meets this criterion. 
,5vi&r~ce of the dien's authorship of scholarly articles in the field, in professionul . or 
major trade publications or other major media. 
The petitioner submitted evidence of his co-authorship of an article in IEEE Transactions on 
Communications and of several published conference papers. The petitioner also slibri~itted 
evidence of dozens of articles that cite to his Ph.D. research under the direction of and 
These citations dernonstrate the significance of the petitioner's articles to his field. As such. 
the petitioner has established that he meets this second criterion. 
Evidence that the alien has performed in a leading or critical role for organizations or 
establishments that have a distinguished reputation. 
At issue for this criterion are the position the petitioner was selected to fill and the reputation of the 
entity that selected him. In other words, the position must be of such significance that the alien's 
selection to fill the position, in and of itself, is indicative of or consistent with national or international 
acclaim. We agree with the director's findin that Calit2 has a distinguished reputation. With regard to 
the petitioner's role for Calit2, - states: 
[The petitioner] has been employed by the University of California, San Diego since July 
2004 and officially became an Assistant Project Scientist at Calit2 in July 2005. . . . As the 
principal investigator of Calit2's project initiative, "Calradio: Advanced Multiple Antenna 
Broadband Software Defined Radio Test-bed," [the petitioner] leads a team comprised of 
academic researchers, industry experts, engineers, and graduate students. He is responsible 
for identifying research direction, recruiting outstanding researchers, organizing research 
activities, investigating complex research problems, and demonstrating R&D achievements 
toward promoting public awareness. 
In response to the director's request for evidence, the petitioner submitted a July 28, 2005 article 
printed from Calit2's internet site stating: "[The petitioner] has a two-year appointment in the Calit2 
UCSD division as an assistant project scientist." 
While the petitioner has performed admirably on the research project to which he was assigned, the 
documentation he submitted does not establish that his role as a temporary assistant project scientist 
was leading or critical for Calit2 or UCSD. There is no evidence demonstrating how the petitioner's 
role differentiated him from the other staff in the San Diego Division. let alone its more senior tenured 
faculty (including3 The documentation submitted by the 
petitioner does not establish that he was responsible for Calit2 or USCD's success or standing to a 
- 
degree consistent with the meaning of "leading or critical role" and indicative of sustained national or 
international acclaim. Accordingly, the petitioner has not established that he meets this criterion. 
In this case, we find that the petitioner meets only two of the regulatory criteria, three of which are 
required to establish eligibility. 8 C.F.R. fj 204.5(h)(3). The petitioner has failed to demonstrate his 
receipt of a major, internationally recognized award, or that he meets at least three of the criteria that 
must be satisfied to establish the sustained national or international acclaim necessary to qualify as 
an alien of extraordinary ability. The conclusion we reach by considering the evidence to meet each 
criterion separately is consistent with a review of the evidence in the aggregate. Even in the 
aggregate, the evidence does not distinguish the petitioner as one of the small percentage who has 
risen to the very top of the field of endeavor. 8 C.F.R. fj 204.5(h)(2). 
Review of the record does not establish that the petitioner has distinguished himself to such an extent 
that he may be said to have achieved sustained national or international acclaim or to be within the 
small percentage at the very top of his field. The evidence is not persuasive that the petitioner's 
achievements set him significantly above almost all others in his field at a national or international 
level. Therefore, the petitioner has not established eligibility pursuant to section 203(b)(l)(A) of the 
Act and the petition may not be approved. 
The burden of proof in visa petition proceedings remains entirely with the petitioner. Section 291 ofthe 
Act, 8 U.S.C. 1361. Here, the petitioner has not sustained that burden. Accordingly, the appeal will 
be dismissed. 
ORDER: The appeal is dismissed. 
z A comparison of the petitioner's position with that of his superiors (such as an- 
indicates that the very top of his field is a level above his present level of achievement.