dismissed EB-1C Case: Hospitality

U.S. Department of Homeland Security 
20 Mass. Ave., N.W., Rm. A3042 
a Washington, DC 20529 
PETITION: Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker as a Multinational Executive or ~ana&r Pursuant to 
Section 203(b)(l)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1153(b)(l)(C) 
ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER. 
INSTRUCTIONS: 
This is the decision of the Administrative Appeals Office in your case. Al1,documents have been returned to 
, the office that originally decided your case. Any further inquiry must be made to that office. 
v 
dministrative Appeals Office 
DISCUSSION: The Director, Vermont Service Center, denied the employment-based petition. The matter is 
now before the Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) on appeal. The AAO will dismiss the appeal. 
The petitioner filed this immigrant petition seeking to employ the beneficiary as an employment-based 
immigrant pursuant to section 203(b)(l)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (the Act), 8 U.S.C. 
4 1153(b)(l)(C), as a multinational executive or manager. The petitioner is a corporation that is engaged in 
the hotel and restaurant business. It filed this immigrant petition requesting employment of the beneficiary as 
its hotel culinary manager. 
The director denied the petition concluding that the petitioner had not established that the beneficiary was 
employed in the foreign entity, located in the Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), in a primarily managerial 
or executive capacity. 
On appeal, counsel claims that the director erred in his decision that the beneficiary was not employed abroad 
in a qualifying capacity. Counsel states that the beneficiary was employed by the foreign entity as its culinary 
manager from 1998 until August 2000, when he was transferred to the United States under his present L-1A 
visa. Counsel submits a brief and documentary evidence in support of the claim that the beneficiary was 
employed abroad in a managerial capacity. 
Section 203(b) of the Act states, in pertinent part: 
(1) Priority Workers. -- Visas shall first be made available . . . to qualified immigrants who 
are aliens described in any of the following subparagraphs (A) through (C): 
(C) Certain Multinational Executives and Managers. - An alien is 
described in this subparagraph if the alien, in the 3 years preceding the time 
of the alien's application for classification and admission into the United 
States under this subparagraph, has been employed for at least 1 year by a 
firm or corporation or other legal entity or an affiliate or subsidiary thereof 
and who seeks to enter the United States in order to continue to render 
services to the same employer or to a subsidiary or affiliate thereof in a 
capacity that is managerial or executive. 
The language of the statute is specific in limiting this provision to only those executives or managers who 
have previously worked for the firm, corporation or other legal entity, or an affiliate or subsidiary of that 
entity, and are coming to the United States to work for the same entity, or its affiliate or subsidiary. 
A United States employer may file a petition on Form 1-140 for classification of an alien under section 
203(b)(l)(C) of the Act as a multinational executive or manager. No labor certification is required for his 
classification. The prospective employer in the United States must furnish a job offer in the form of a 
statement which indicates that the alien is to be employed in the United States in a managerial or executive 
capacity. Such a statement must clearly describe the duties to be performed by the alien. 
Page 3 
The issue is whether the beneficiary was employed by the foreign employer in a primarily managerial 
capacity as required in the regulation at 8 C.F.R. 9 204.56)(3)(b). 
Section 10 1 (a)(44)(A) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. 5 1 101 (a)(44)(A), provides: 
The term "managerial capacity" means an assignment within an organization in which the employee 
primarily- 
(i) Manages the organization, or a department, subdivision, function, or component of 
the organization; 
(ii) Supervises and controls the work of other supervisory, professional, or managerial 
employees, or manages an essential function within the organization, or a department or 
subdivision of the organization; 
(iii) Has the authority to hire and fire or recommend those as well as other p 
(such as promotion and leave authorization) if another employee or other 
supervised; if no other employee is directly supervised, functions at a 
organizational hierarchy or with respect to the function managed; and 
(iv) Exercises discretion over the day-today operations of the activity or 
the employee has authority. A first-line supervisor is not considered to be 
capacity merely by virtue of the supervisor's supervisory duties unless the 
are professional. 
Section 101(a)(44)(B) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. 3 1 101(a)(44)(B), provides: 
~ 
The term "executive capacity" means an assignment within an organization in w ich the employee 
primarily- h 
(i) Directs the management of the organization or a major component or 
organization; 
(ii) Establishes the goals and policies of the organization, component, or function; 
(iii) Exercises wide latitude in discretionary decision-malung; and 1 
(iv) Receives only general supervision or direction from higher level executive , the board of 
directors, or stockholders of the organization. s 
The petitioner filed the immigrant petition on November 20, 2002. As neither counsel nor the petitioner 
provided evidence specifically related to the beneficiary's employment abroad, the director issued a request 
for evidence on June 19, 2003. In his request, the director asked that the petitioner provide the following 
evidence related to the beneficiary's prior employment in the foreign entity: (1) the number of supervisors 
under the beneficiary's management; (2) the job titles and job duties of the employees managed by the 
beneficiary; (3) the executive and technical skills necessary to perform in the beneficiary's position overseas; 
(4) the amount of time the beneficiary devoted to executive duties compared to the time spent by the 
beneficiary performing non-executive duties; (5) the degree of discretionary authority in day-to-day 
operations possessed by the beneficiary while employed abroad; (6) an explanation of who is employed in the 
beneficiary's previous position. 
Counsel responded in a letter dated September 1 1,2003 and enclosed a "complete copy" of the documentation 
submitted by the petitioner in its previous petition for the beneficiary's classification as an L-1A 
nonimmigrant intracompany transferee. Counsel noted that the material, which included the petitioner's Form 
I-129S, Nonimrnigrant Petition based on a Blanket L Petition, and a copy of a letter from the foreign entity's 
director of organizational development, "clearly describes and verifies the qualifying nature of [the 
beneficiary's] overseas employment duties. . ." 
In the attached Form I-129S, the petitioner provided the following description of the beneficiary's job duties: 
Since 1998, [the beneficiary] has held the position of Culinary Manager at the [foreign 
organization]. He is responsible for cost-effective and efficient management of day-to-day 
operations at a luxury hotel. He supervises and directs all culinary staff in compliance with 
hotel high quality standards, policies and procedures. [The beneficiary] directs hiring, 
training and scheduling of the hotel culinary staff. From 1/97 to 10198, [the beneficiary] was 
employed with Sheralton [sic] ~ote1,as Arabic Chef in charge of outside 
catering. Please refer to company letter for more information. 
In an attached letter from the petitioner's director of organizational development, dated June 14, 2000 and 
submitted previously with the nonimmigrant petition, the corporate director stated 
[The beneficiary] has been employed with [the foreign organization] for over two years. 
Since 1998, [the beneficiary] has been employed as a Culinary Manager with [the foreign 
organization] in Dubai, UAE. In this senior managerial position [the beneficiary] has the 
ultimate responsibility for the cost-efficient and effective management of all aspects of 
Culinary operations at the hotel. [The beneficiary] is responsible for establishing and 
implementing goals, policies and procedures related to the hotel's Culinary activities and he 
manages and oversees the administration, implementation and maintenance of hotel policies 
and ensures that all Culinary activities are performed in accordance with [the foreign 
organization's] standards and philosophy. [The beneficiary] is also responsible for assessing 
the hotel's Culinary needs and for identifying outside sources which address the hotel's 
specific needs. He participates in strategic planning and goals setting for the Culinary 
department and conducts pre-shift meetings with staff in order to review all information 
pertinent to each day's business. Moreover he directs the hiring, training and scheduling of 
Culinary staff, handles disciplinary problems, counsels employees according to hotel 
standards and for other personnel matters, as necessary. Naturally in this senior managerial 
position, [the beneficiary] exercises discretionary authority over day-to-day hotel Arabic 
Culinary operations. 
In a decision dated January 12,2004, the director determined that the petitioner had not demonstrated that the 
beneficiary was employed abroad in a primarily managerial or executive capacity. The director stated that 
although the beneficiary held the title of manager, the description of the beneficiary's job duties does not 
establish that his actual daily activities were managerial. The director stated "[hlaving discretionary authority 
and a managerial title such as culinary manager does not, in and of itself, mean that a person is employed in a 
qualifying managerial capacity." The director further noted that the majority of job duties provided by the 
petitioner in response to the director's request for evidence were non-managerial tasks, and also noted that the 
beneficiary spent 25% of his time cooking.' The director determined that the beneficiary's position in the 
foreign entity "was at the first line supervisory level only," and stated that in order to qualify for an 
employment-based visa, the petitioner must demonstrate that the beneficiary held authority over daily 
operations beyond that of a first-line supervisor. The director stated that the eight cooks supervised by the 
beneficiary were not professional, managerial, or supervisory employees, and therefore, the beneficiary did 
not qualify as a manager. Consequently, the director denied the petition. 
In an appeal filed on February 11, 2004, counsel claims that the director erred in determining that the 
beneficiary was not employed by the foreign entity in a primarily managerial capacity. Counsel refers to the 
petitioner's previously filed nonirnmigrant petition, a May 30, 2000 certification from the foreign entity's 
assistant director of human resources, and the June 14, 2000 letter from the petitioner's director of 
organizational development as evidence of the beneficiary's employment overseas in a managerial capacity. 
Counsel includes copies of each referenced document as evidence of the beneficiary's employment capacity. 
Counsel also submits a comprehensive brief claiming that the beneficiary's job duties abroad amounted to 
employment in a managerial capacity. As counsel's brief is part of the record, it will not be repeated herein. 
Upon review, the petitioner has not established that the beneficiary had been employed by the foreign entity 
in a primarily managerial or executive capacity. 
When examining the executive or managerial capacity of the beneficiary, the AAO will look first to the 
petitioner's description of the job duties. See 8 C.F.R. 5 214.2(1)(3)(ii). 
The description of the beneficiary's overseas position fails to outline the specific job duties performed by the 
beneficiary. The petitioner's broad statement in its June 14, 2000 letter, including claims that the beneficiary 
was responsible for establishing and implementing the goals and policies of the hotel's culinary operations, 
managed the administration, implemented and maintained hotel policies, assessed the hotel's culinary needs, 
participated in strategic planning, and directed the culinary staff, is actually an explanation of the beneficiary's 
responsibilities and does not address the true managerial or executive job duties associated with the position. 
For instance, the petitioner does not explain what daily managerial and executive job duties the beneficiary 
was required to perform in implementing and maintaining the hotel's culinary goals and policies or in 
assessing its culinary needs. In addition, it is unclear what managerial actions the beneficiary took in 
managing the "administration," or even what personnel is considered to be "administration." Specifics are 
clearly an important indication of whether a beneficiary's duties are primarily executive or managerial in 
nature, otherwise meeting the definitions would simply be a matter of reiterating the regulations. Fedin Bros. 
The AAO notes that the director partially based his decision on a description of the beneficiary's job duties 
in the United States entity. The record contains a letter, dated September 2, 2003, fkom the petitioner's 
director of human resources, wherein the company's director outlined the "overseas" job duties of the 
beneficiary. Based on counsel's September 1 1,2003 letter and the beneficiary's affidavit submitted on appeal, 
in which the beneficiary noted the unavailability of a detailed job description of his foreign employment, the 
job duties listed by the petitioner's director in her September 2, 2003 letter are actually associated with the 
beneficiary's employment in the United States. 
Page 6 
Co., Ltd. v. Sava, 724 F. Supp. 1103 (E.D.N.Y. 1989), afd, 905 F.2d 41 (2d. Cir. 1990). The actual duties 
themselves reveal the true nature of the employment. Fedin Bros. Co., Ltd. v. Sava, 724 F. Supp. 1103, 1108 
(E.D.N.Y. 1989), afd, 905 F.2d 41 (2d. Cir. 1990). 
The record is further inconsistent in describing the true position occupied by the beneficiary during his 
overseas employment. The petitioner noted in documentation submitted in response to the director's request 
for evidence, including the petitioner's prior nonimrnigrant petition and the June 14, 2000 letter from the 
petitioner's director of organizational development, that the beneficiary was employed as the "culinary 
manager" of the foreign entity. However, the record contains documentary evidence, specifically a May 30, 
2000 certification referred to by counsel on appeal and a corporate article titled "Cuisine fit for a 'Queen"' and 
submitted by the petitioner in response to the director' request for evidence, of the beneficiary's employment 
as the "Arabic Chef' of the foreign entity. In the May 30, 2000 certification, the foreign entity's assistant 
director of human resources states: 
We hereby certify that [the beneficiary] Lebanese national, holder passport number: 1 171449 
is employed by [the foreign entity] in the capacity of Arabic Chef in our Culinary Division 
since November 5", 1998 until present. 
The article "Cuisine fit for a 'Queen"' also refers to the beneficiary as the foreign entity's "Arabic Chef," and 
praises the beneficiary for his preparation of "two very special meals" for "high ranking members of our 
Company." The author of the article explained how the beneficiary "had prepared a traditional Lebanese meal 
to tempt their tastebuds after the long flight." 
The foreign entity's repeated reference to the beneficiary's employment as "Arabic Chef' raises suspicion as 
to the true position held by the beneficiary in the overseas company. As the company's Arabic chef, the 
beneficiary would clearly have been responsible for the non-qualifjmg task of food preparation for the 
company's culinary division. The beneficiary would therefore not have been employed in a primarily 
managerial or executive capacity as claimed by the petitioner. See Matter of Church Scientology 
International, 19 I&N Dec. 593, 604 (Comm. 1988) (concluding an employee who primarily performs the 
tasks necessary to produce a product or to provide services is not considered to be employed in a managerial 
or executive capacity). 
As neither the petitioner nor counsel has offered clarification as to the apparent discrepancies in the 
beneficiary's employment, the AAO cannot conclude that the beneficiary occupied the position of manager 
while employed abroad. The AAO notes that counsel even referenced the May 30,2000 certification in his 
brief on appeal yet provided no fb-ther explanation of the inconsistency. Contrary to counsel's claim on 
appeal, the certification clearly fails to support the claim that the beneficiary was employed as the foreign 
entity's "Culinary Manager." It is incumbent upon the petitioner to resolve any inconsistencies in the record 
by independent objective evidence. Any attempt to explain or reconcile such inconsistencies will not suffice 
unless the petitioner submits competent objective evidence pointing to where the truth lies. Matter ofHo, 19 
I&N Dec. 582,591-92 (BIA 1988). Doubt cast on any aspect of the petitioner's proof may, of course, lead to 
a reevaluation of the reliability and sufficiency of the remaining evidence offered in support of the visa 
petition. Id. at 59 1. 
Counsel repeatedly notes on appeal that the beneficiary's foreign employment was already reviewed and 
deemed to be in a qualifying capacity as a result of the previously filed L-1A blanket petition. The AAO 
Page 7 
notes that if the previous nonimmigrant petition was approved based on the same unsupported and 
contradictory assertions that are contained in the current record, the approval would constitute material and 
gross error on the part of the United States consular officer. The AAO is not required to approve applications 
or petitions where eligibility has not been demonstrated, merely because of prior approvals that may have 
been erroneous. See, e.g. Matter of Church Scientology International, 19 I&N Dec. at 597. It would be 
absurd to suggest that CIS or any agency must treat acknowledged errors as binding precedent. Sussex Engg. 
Ltd. v. Montgomev, 825 F.2d 1084, 1090 (6th Cir. 1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 1008 (1988). 
Based on the foregoing discussion, the petitioner has failed to establish that the beneficiary was employed by 
the foreign entity in a primarily managerial capacity. Accordingly, the appeal will be dismissed. 
Beyond the decision of the director, an additional issue is whether the beneficiary has been employed by the 
United States entity in a primarily managerial or executive capacity. The record is equally inconsistent in 
addressing the true position occupied by the beneficiary in the petitioning organization. The various job titles 
assigned to the beneficiary in documentation throughout the record includes "Hotel Manager - Culinary," 
"Middle Eastern Chef," "Executive Chey," and "Executive Sous Chef." The petitioner does not address the 
different titles assigned to the beneficiary or clarify how, if at all, the beneficiary's job duties vary according 
to his position. The petitioner is obligated to clarify the inconsistent and conflicting testimony by 
independent and objective evidence. Matter of Ho, 19 I&N Dec. at 591-92. 
Additionally, the petitioner's director of human resources noted in her September 2, 2003 letter submitted in 
response to the director's request for evidence that the beneficiary would manage a subordinate staff 
consisting of three head cooks and five line cooks. On appeal, however, counsel explains that the 
beneficiary's position as "Executive Soue Chef' involves the supervision of six managerial-level chefs, 60 
cooks and 16 externs. On appeal, a petitioner cannot offer a new position to the beneficiary, or materially 
change a position's title, its level of authority within the organizational hierarchy, or the associated job 
responsibilities. The petitioner must establish that the position offered to the beneficiary when the petition 
was filed merits classification as a managerial or executive position. Matter of Michelin Tire Corp., 17 I&N 
Dec. 248, 249 (Reg. Comm. 1978). A petitioner may not make material changes to a petition in an effort to 
make a deficient petition conform to CIS requirements. See Matter of lzummi, 22 I&N Dec. 169, 176 (Assoc. 
Comm. 1998). As a result of the discrepancies in the beneficiary's position in the United States entity, the 
AAO cannot determine whether the beneficiary is employed by the petitioner in a primarily managerial or 
executive capacity. For this additional reason, the appeal will be dismissed. 
An application or petition that fails to comply with the technical requirements of the law may be denied by 
the AAO even if the Service Center does not identifl all of the grounds for denial in the initial decision. See 
Spencer Enterprises, Inc. v. United States, 229 F. Supp. 2d 1025, 1043 (E.D. Cal. 2001), afd. 345 F.3d 683 
(9th Cir. 2003); see also Dor v. INS, 891 F.2d 997, 1002 n. 9 (2d Cir. 1989)(noting that the AAO reviews 
appeals on a de novo basis). 
In visa petition proceedings, the burden of proving eligibility for the benefit sought remains entirely with the 
petitioner. Section 291 of the Act, 8 U.S.C. 8 1361. Here, that burden has not been met. Accordingly, the 
director's decision will be affirmed and the petition will be denied. 
ORDER: The appeal is dismissed.