dismissed EB-1C Case: Real Estate

U.S. Citizenship 
and Immigration 
Services 
MATTER OF X-D-M-E-, LLC 
Non-Precedent Decision of the 
Administrative Appeals Office 
DATE: SEPT. 11, 2015 
APPEAL OF NEBRASKA SERVICE CENTER DECISION 
PETITION: FORM I-140, IMMIGRANT PETITION FOR ALIEN WORKER 
The Petitioner, a real estate developer, seeks to permanently employ the Beneficiary under the 
immigrant classification of multinational executive or manager. See section 203(b)(l)(C) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (the Act), 8 U.S.C. § 1153(b )(1 )(C). The Director, Nebraska 
Service Center, denied the petition. The matter is now before us on appeal. The appeal will be 
dismissed. 
The Director denied the petition on December 15, 2014, concluding that the Petitioner has not 
established that the Beneficiary has been or will be employed in a qualifying managerial or 
executive capacity. 
On appeal, the Petitioner submits a legal brief, supported by copies of previously submitted 
materials. The Petitioner contends that the Beneficiary has worked and will work in a qualifying 
managerial capacity, and that the Director's decision is not consistent with the evidence of record. 
I. LAW 
Section 203(b) of the Act states in pertinent part: 
(1) Priority Workers. - Visas shall first be made available ... to qualified immigrants 
who are aliens described in any of the following subparagraphs (A) through (C): 
* * * 
(C) Certain multinational executives and managers. An alien is described in this 
subparagraph if the alien, in the 3 years preceding the time ofthe alien's application for 
classification and admission into the United States under this subparagraph, has been 
employed for at least 1 year by a firm or corporation or other legal entity or an affiliate 
or subsidiary thereof and the alien seeks to enter the United States in order to continue to 
render services to the same employer or to a subsidiary or affiliate thereof in a capacity 
that is managerial or executive. 
Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
The language of the statute limits this provision only to those executives and managers who have 
previously worked for a firm, corporation or other legal entity, or an affiliate or subsidiary of that entity, 
and who are coming to the United States to work for the same entity, or its affiliate or subsidiary. 
A United States employer may file Form 1-140 to classify a Beneficiary under section 203(b )(1 )(C) of 
the Act as a multinational executive or manager. The regulation at 8 C.F.R. § 204.50)(5) states: 
No labor certification is required for this classification; however, the prospective 
employer in the United States must furnish a job offer in the form of a statement 
which indicates that the alien is to be employed in the United States in a managerial 
or executive capacity. Such letter must clearly describe the duties to be performed by 
the alien. 
Section 101(a)(44) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(44), provides: 
(A) The term "managerial capacity" means an assignment within an organization in 
which the employee primarily-
(i) manages the organization, or a department, subdivision, function, or 
component of the organization; 
(ii) supervises and controls the work of other supervisory, professional, or 
managerial employees, or manages an essential function within the organization, 
or a department or subdivision of the organization; 
(iii) if another employee or other employees are directly supervised, has the 
authority to hire and fire or recommend those as well as other personnel actions 
(such as promotion and leave authorization) or, if no other employee is directly 
supervised, functions at a senior level within the organizational hierarchy or with 
respect to the function managed; and 
(iv) exercises discretion over the day-to-day operations of the act1v1ty or 
function for which the employee has authority. A first-line supervisor is not 
considered to be acting in a managerial capacity merely by virtue of the 
supervisor's supervisory duties unless the employees supervised are 
professional. 
Finally, if staffing levels are used as a factor in determining whether an individual is acting in a 
managerial or executive capacity, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) must take 
into account the reasonable needs of the organization, in light of the overall purpose and stage of 
development ofthe organization. See section 101(a)(44)(C) ofthe Act. 
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Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
II. ISSUES ON APPEAL 
At issue in this proceeding is whether the Beneficiary's former employment abroad, and her proposed 
employment in the United States, primarily comprised qualifying managerial duties. The Petitioner 
does not claim that the Beneficiary has served, or will serve , in an executive capacity, and therefore 
we need not consider that question. 
A. Managerial Capacity Abroad 
1. Facts 
In a letter of support dated March 17, 2014, the Petitioner indicated that the Beneficiary "worked 
with the petitioner's parent company , (China) from June 2006 to May 
2012 as the Director of Sales and Marketing of Region." The Petitioner's initial submission 
included documentation about the foreign employer, and payroll records confirming the 
Beneficiary's past employment there, but no evidence to establish the nature of the Beneficiary's 
duties with that company. 
The Director issued a request for evidence (RFE) on August 29, 2014, instructing the Petitioner to 
submit a letter from an authorized official of the foreign organization, clearly describing the 
Beneficiary's job duties, including her specific daily tasks and the time devoted to each, and 
information about the Beneficiary's subordinates. The Director instructed the Petitioner to "explain 
who performs " "the exact productive and administrative tasks necessary to produce the [foreign 
entity's] products and services," and to identify "all employees and contractors in the Beneficiary's 
immediate division, department, or team by name and job title." The Director also requested 
organizational charts to "[s]how the organizations' overall structure and staffing levels." 
The Petitioner's response included a letter dated October 22, 2014 from the Petitioner ' s parent 
company, stating: 
[The Beneficiary] worked with (China) from June 
2006 to May 2012 as the Director of Sales and Marketing of Region being 
fully responsible for the department's operation and management, and sales and 
marketing activities for projects in the region. She was responsible for directing the 
marketing, promotion and sales of our company's developed and developing 
residential community projects , high-end apartment buildings and commercial plaza 
m regiOn .... 
The foreign entity indicated that the Beneficiary devoted 30% of her time to "Administrative 
Management ," broken down as follows: 
Under supervision of the general manager, direct daily operation of the 10% 
department, coordinate works with other departments, such as set the 
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Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
department's objectives, and formulate performance assessment 
standard. 
Setup and improve organizational structure, working procedures, job 5% 
position, staffing level and job duties, and related policy and 
occupational manual. 
New employee recruitment, interview and assessment. 
resignations of department employees. 
Review 5% 
Arrange training for subordinates. 5% 
Review and assess subordinates' performance and recommend 5% 
promotions, rewards or discipline. 
The foreign entity indicated that the Beneficiary spent the remaining 70% of her time on "Business 
Management," broken down as follows: 
Set up the department's annual sales goal, and allocate to each month's 5% 
sales plan; formulate marketing strategy and promotional approaches. 
Reviewing, finalizing and publishing advertisements. Discuss 6% 
marketing plan with advertising agencies, and propose modifications. 
Make final decision on advertisement programs. 
Appoint contractors for design of sales brochures, promotional 4% 
materials and sales props. Review and approve print and distribution. 
Make final decision on advertisement publishing media. Determine 12% 
distribution channel, choose appropriate media to publish. Sign 
contract with advertising agency. 
Plan, organize and implement promotional activities, control and 8% 
monitor expenses, and coordinate summary reports. 
Cost and expense control. 5% 
Review the department's daily performance and set sales goals. Set up 10% 
incentive and promotional strategies. 
Choose business partners such as sales agent companies and advertising 5% 
designers. Manage and communicate with partners, inspect their work. 
Prepare and revise reports, plans and rules. 10% 
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Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
Propose conceptual design directions for real estate projects, and 5% 
participate in design of those projects. 
An organizational chart for _ indicated that the Beneficiary and 
four others reported directly to the general manager. (The four others at the Beneficiary 's level were 
directors of, respectively, engineering; design; finance; and administration.) The Beneficiary's only 
immediate subordinate was the manager of marketing and sales, who, in turn, supervised two sales 
supervisors and two customer services employees . The Petitioner did not identify those workers' 
subordinates (if any). The chart listed three contracting companies, unconnected to the company's 
chain of command. 
The organizational chart was accompanied by a summary of the foreign entity's employees which 
listed their positions and respective duties. In relevant part, the summary stated the following with 
regard to the foreign entity's staff: 
Marketing manager (holds master's degree): Assist the Director of Marketing and 
Sales in management of the department's daily operation, including: conferences with 
outside contracting agencies, advertising companies to discuss marketing strategy; 
propose assessment of outside contracting agencies and advertising companies. 
Assist the Director in communications with other departments .... ; Train, manage 
and evaluate employees within the department on a daily basis. 
Sales supervisors (both hold bachelor's degrees): Coordinate with sales contracting 
companies, prepare report on daily sales statistics, participate in supervision of sales 
persons' quality of work and assessment of performance. Responsible for verification 
of sales price and available properties, and input the data into the company's sales 
system. 
Customer service employees (both hold bachelor's degrees): Coordinate with 
advertising companies , preliminarily check ad drafts; contact advertisement 
publishing companies; prepare contracts, assess contracting company 's performance 
and make payments; coordinate with Sales Department to resolve any disputes; 
responsible for management of fix[ ed] assets in sales department, such as equipment, 
stationary. 
The Director denied the petition, stating: "the foreign organizational chart depicts employment of 
nine (9) employees, while the summary of employees in China submitted by the petitioner concludes 
[sic] employment of five (5) employees." The Director concluded : "[t]he petitioner has not provided 
a consistent, credible description and evidence of the [foreign entity's] actual structure and staffing," 
and "the record does not establish that [the Beneficiary 's] direct subordinates are actually managers 
or supervisors of other personnel." 
On appeal, the Petitioner states that "the detailed department organizational chart [showed] 5 staff 
employed in (the Beneficiary's] department ," omitting "employees in other departments" because 
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Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
they were outside of the Beneficiary's jurisdiction. The Petitioner adds that the Beneficiary "directly 
supervised the Manager of Marketing and Sales, oversaw three professional contracting 
companies ... and had full authority to make personnel decision[s] within her department." 
2. Analysis 
Upon review, and for the reasons addressed herein, the Petitioner has not established that the 
Beneficiary was employed abroad in a primarily managerial capacity. 
The definitions of executive and managerial capacity have two parts. First, the petitioner must show 
that the beneficiary performs the high level responsibilities that are specified in the definitions. 
Second, the petitioner must prove that the beneficiary primarily performs these specified 
responsibilities and does not spend a majority of his or her time on day-to-day functions. Champion 
World, Inc. v. INS, 940 F.2d 1533 (Table), 1991 WL 144470 (9th Cir. July 30, 1991). 
As a preliminary matter, the record does not support the Director's finding that the Petitioner's 
evidence is inconsistent. That conclusion rests, to a significant extent, on the assertion that the list of 
the Beneficiary's subordinates is not consistent with the organizational chart showing nine 
subordinates. The exhibits in question, however, show no inconsistency. The five individuals 
named in the employee list have the same names and titles as the five individuals identified as the 
Beneficiary's subordinates on the organizational chart. The organizational chart named other 
employees, but the chart identified those individuals as depm1ment directors rather than as the 
Beneficiary 's subordinates. 
The record consistently identifies the Beneficiary's only immediate subordinate in China as the 
manager of marketing and sales, who, in turn, had four identified subordinates in sales and customer 
services. The Director did not explain how the submitted evidence was deficient in this regard. 
According to its submission in response to the RFE, the Petitioner claimed that the Beneficiary's 
direct subordinate, held the position of "marketing manager," and that his duties included 
assisting the Beneficiary with the "management of the department's daily operation, including: 
conferences with outside contracting agencies, advertising companies to discuss marketing strategy; 
[and] propose assessment of outside contracting agencies and advertising companies." The 
Petitioner also indicated that the marketing manager was tasked with assisting the Beneficiary in 
communications with other departments within the foreign entity as well as the training, 
management and evaluation of employees within the department. 
Upon review, it appears that a substantial number of the marketing manager's tasks directly overlap 
with those attributed to the Beneficiary. For example, the Petitioner claimed that 30% of the 
Beneficiary 's time was devoted to "administrative management ," which included directing the daily 
operation of the depm1ment as well as arranging training for subordinates and reviewing and 
assessing their performance. These duties are virtually identical to those attributed to the marketing 
manager, making it unclear exactly who performs the majority of the administrative management 
duties and manages the department's daily operations. 
h 
Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
Additionally, the Petitioner claims that the remaining 70% of the Beneficiary's time is devoted to 
"business management," which requires the Beneficiary's direct involvement in the selection and 
approval of advertising and promotional materials. The Beneficiary is tasked with signing contracts 
with advertising agencies, among other tasks, after selecting and approving various media and print 
materials for promotional purposes. Again, we note that the marketing manager is also tasked with 
similar duties, such as engaging in conferences with advertising companies and outside contracting 
agencies to discuss marketing strategies. 
A significant amount of the Beneficiary's claimed duties overlap with those of her claimed 
subordinate manager. It is unclear, therefore, whether the Beneficiary is delegating these 
non-qualifying marketing and administrative duties to marketing manager in whole or in part, or 
whether they share responsibility for these critical tasks essential to the foreign entity's operations. 
Here, the Petitioner does not document what proportion of the Beneficiary's duties would be 
managerial functions and what proportion would be non-managerial, and instead presents evidence 
suggesting the Beneficiary performs the same or similar duties as those of her direct subordinate. 
While performing non-qualifying tasks necessary to produce a product or service will not 
automatically disqualify the Beneficiary as long as those tasks are not the majority of her duties, the 
Petitioner still has the burden of establishing that the Beneficiary is "primarily" performing 
managerial or executive duties. See section 10l(a)(44) ofthe Act. Here, the Petitioner's description 
of the Beneficiary's job duties does not clarify what proportion of her duties is managerial in nature, 
and what proportion is actually non-managerial. See Republic ofTranskei v. INS, 923 F.2d 175, 177 
(D.C. Cir. 1991). 
Moreover, although the organizational chart depicts the Beneficiary in a supervisory role, overseeing 
a subordinate manager who in tum supervises additional subordinate employees, the validity of this 
claimed hierarchy and the Beneficiary's role therein is questionable. Although the beneficiary is not 
required to supervise personnel, if the petitioner claims that the beneficiary's duties involve 
supervising employees, then the petitioner must establish that the subordinate employees are 
supervisory, professional, or managerial. See section 101(a)(44)(A)(ii) of the Act. 
In this matter, in evaluating whether the Beneficiary manages professional employees, we must 
evaluate whether the subordinate positions require a baccalaureate degree as a minimum for entry 
into the field of endeavor. Section 101(a)(32) of the Act, 8 U.S. C. § 1101(a)(32), states that "[t]he 
term profession shall include but not be limited to architects, engineers, lawyers, physicians, 
surgeons, and teachers in elementary or secondary schools, colleges, academies, or seminaries." The 
term "profession" contemplates knowledge or learning, not merely skill, of an advanced type in a 
given field gained by a prolonged course of specialized instruction and study of at least 
baccalaureate level, which is a realistic prerequisite to entry into the particular field of endeavor. 
Matter ofSea, 19 I&N Dec. 817,818 (Comm'r 1988); Matter of Ling, 13 I&N Dec. 35 (R.C. 1968); 
Matter ofShin, 11 I&N Dec. 686,687-8 (D.D. 1966). 
Therefore, we must focus on the level of education required by the position, rather than the degree 
held by subordinate employee. The possession of a bachelor's degree by a subordinate employee 
Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
does not automatically lead to the conclusion that an employee is employed in a professional 
capacity as that term is defined above. In the instant case, the Petitioner claims that all the listed 
subordinates hold either a master's degree or a bachelor's degree. However, the Petitioner has not, 
in fact, established that a such a degree is actually necessary, for example, to perform the marketing 
work of the marketing manager, or the sales and customer services duties of the other identified 
subordinates. The Petitioner has not established that their positions require such degrees, such that 
we can consider the employees to be professionals. 
Despite its claims to the contrary, the Petitioner has also not established that the marketing manager 
supervises subordinate staff members or manages a clearly defined department or function of the 
Petitioner, such that he could be classified as a manager or supervisor. Although the marketing 
manager appears below the Beneficiary and above the sales supervisors and customer service 
employees on the organizational chart, the record contains no evidence or assertion that the 
marketing manager is directly tasked with supervising these individuals. In fact, the Beneficiary and 
the marketing manager appear to share the same duties with regard to the management, evaluation, 
and training of personnel, therefore making it impossible to conclude that the marketing manager, 
and not the beneficiary, is directly responsible for the management and supervision of these 
subordinates. 
A managerial or executive employee must have authority over day-to-day operations beyond the 
level normally vested in a first-line supervisor, unless the supervised employees are professionals. 
See Matter of Church Scientology International, 19 I&N Dec. 593, 604 (Comm'r 1988). As noted 
above, the evidence of record does not establish that the other employees identified in the 
organizational chart are professional as contemplated by the discussion above. Nor has the 
Petitioner has not shown that the Beneficiary's subordinate employees are supervisory, or 
managerial, as required by section 101 (a)( 44 )(A )(ii) of the Act. 
Therefore, the Petitioner's inability to clarify the percentage of time the Beneficiary will devote to 
qualifying duties, coupled with the lack of evidence establishing that the Beneficiary's role within 
the foreign entity's organizational hierarchy goes beyond that of a first-line supervisor, precludes a 
finding that the Beneficiary has been employed abroad in a primarily managerial or executive 
capacity. For this reason, the appeal will be dismissed. 
(b)(6)
Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
B. Managerial Capacity in United States 
1. Facts 
On Form I-140, the Petitioner stated that it seeks to employ the Beneficiary as "Director of West 
Coast branch and Chief Representative of m 
West Coast Region in the US."
1 
An organizational chart for the petitioning entity shows ten employees. At the top is the managing 
director, with three immediate subordinates: the Beneficiary (labeled "Chief representative of US 
west coast operations"), with one subordinate; the "Director of development in east coast," with five 
subordinates; and the "Director of operations." The chart provided the names, but not the 
titles, of the six subordinates . 
An Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 941, Employer's Quarterly Federal Tax Return, showed 
that the Petitioner paid wages or salaries to seven employees during the last three months of 2013. 
The Petitioner appears to have added workers to its payroll during that time, as the return indicates 
that it paid $4,759.94 in October; $6,855.86 in November ; and $11,872.57 in December, a difference 
consistent with an increase in the number of employees. 
The Director, in the August 2014 RFE, requested a letter from an authorized official of the 
petitioning organization , clearly describing the Beneficiary's job duties, including her specific daily 
tasks and the time devoted to each. The Director also requested the names, titles, work schedules, 
and payroll documentation of all of the Beneficiary's subordinates. 
In response, the Petitioner stated: 
[The Beneficiary] has been working as the Director of our West Coach branch . . 
and Chief Representative of _ in [the] West Coast 
Region since November 2013, a position which is ... managerial in nature. In this 
position, [the Beneficiary] is responsible for directing all sales and marketing 
functions of this company. . . . Our major real estate project in California is the 
a finished condominium project located in . 
. . [The 
Beneficiary's] tasks include to propose marketing strategy and plan as well as direct 
sales and marketing activities for our in oversee the financial 
activities and position of [the] West Coast branch, and coordinate with [the 
Petitioner ' s] headquarters in New York; communicate and coordinate with local 
contractors; monitor and examine works of local contractors, and track progress; 
is not a branch of the petitioning entity , but rather a separately organized affiliate. If 
were the prospective employer, that would be grounds for denial because the petitioner must be the intending 
employer, and did not file the petition. Nevertheless, pay receipts in the record demonstrate that, while 
the beneficiary works at the Irvine location, her employer is the petitioning entity . Therefore, status 
as an affiliate rather than a branch does not appear to be a disqualifying circumstance. 
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Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
cooperate with our business partner, the local developer cooperate with and 
oversee our sales contractor, communicate and cooperate with land 
development consulting company, At the 
same time, she also oversees the marketing and sales plan, strategy and activities of 
our which started construction in November 2013 . . .. [The 
Beneficiary] reports directly to our managing director of our International 
headquarter[ s]. . . . She has full power to make personnel decisions on all her 
subordinates. 
In a separate letter dated October 22, 2014, the Petitioner repeated much of the passage quoted 
above, and provided a detailed list of the Beneficiary's tasks: 
Administrative and Operation Management 
Manage and its marketing and sales activities. The 10% 
project team consists of a real estate sales broker and its onsite 
salesperson. Set monthly sales goal and develop marketing strategy. 
Manage daily operation of branch office. 
Oversee and coordinate sales team in East Coast Office and coordinate 1 0% 
with sales teams in China. Set sales goals and marketing strategy for 
sales teams. 
Business Management 
Manage and communicate with real estate broker, set sales goals and 15% 
supervise related marketing strategy and promotion designs; make final 
decision on marketing plan and promotion; oversee onsite customer 
reception procedure , salesperson's service standard and visitor 's log, 
give necessary advice and suggestions; monitor completion of the 
whole formalities process for property title transfer; evaluate sales 
performance of the broker and its salespersons. 
Communicate with real estate developer , conduct net sales proceeds 5% 
analysis, set monthly profit goal and formulate monthly sales goals, set 
final selling price according to the property 's profitable goal, sales goal 
and market trend, and advise salesperson of the cost price for 
negotiation. 
Review and approve expenditures for marketing, promotion, 5% 
advertising, etc.; approve sales discount within authorized scope; 
monitor property's management services, including maintenance, 
decoration , and remodeling works. 
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Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
Develop collaborative relationship with real estate developers and 5% 
brokers, seek potential opportunity for new real estate development in 
the West Coast region, collect available land information from the 
brokers, and conduct preliminary market research and analysis, make 
report to the senior management in US and China for potential real 
estate development projects. 
Management of and communication with real estate broker, 15% 
collaboratively develop the pricing schedule, marketing stages and 
sales strategy, make final decision on developer's behalf, and report to 
top management for approval; supervise and coordinate marketing and 
sales strategy implementation, set and supervise sales goals and 
available property quota, reception procedure and formalities process of 
closing sales to ensure sales goals can be met and transactions can be 
smoothly completed; review and adjust marketing strategy and 
promotion plan; evaluate sales performance of the broker and its 
salespersons. 
Manage and communicate with advertisement company to formulate 10% 
property advertising plan and presentation strategy; set up reception 
procedure for buyers from China. 
Evaluate performance of contractors and make corresponding 10% 
recommendations or suggestions; consolidate properties sold and 
proceeds on a weekly and monthly basis, and calculate commission for 
the contractor, prepare commission report; review, approve and 
monitor marketing and advertisement budget and expenses; train the 
sales team in China; prepare weekly sales summary report, and present 
to the senior management in the United States and China 
Other Tasks 
Represent the company to promote (a media and 8% 
entertainment subsidiary in China), projects and events in the United 
States, communicate and maintain good relationship with Media and 
Entertainment companies in negotiate copyright 
authorization for export to China, and coordinate 
movie and documentary film production in the United States. 
Promote and protect brand name, trade mark and public 2% 
reputation in the United States. 
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Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
Keep contact with state and local government agencies to seek more 5% 
investment opportunities for the company; complete other tasks 
assigned by higher management. 
The Petitioner submitted a revised organizational chart, showing two, rather than three, people 
immediately subordinate to the managing director. The chm1 now showed seven subordinates below 
the "Director of development in east coast" and, as before, one subordinate under the Beneficiary, 
for a total of 11 identified workers. 
The RFE response identified the Beneficiary's subordinate as an office assistant, who holds a 
master's degree in architecture and urban design, but there is no evidence that her work requires that 
degree. The Petitioner stated: "Her duty is to assist [the Beneficiary] in taking care of daily 
secretarioal [sic] works and sales works in New York, such as communicate with contractors, 
delivery weekly sales reports, take care of buyers from China to visit our projects and briefly 
introduce or show the project to the" (sic; the description cuts off mid-sentence). 
Another organizational chart reflected the Beneficiary's oversight over several contractors and the 
"Sales Team in China for Project." The Petitioner provided no further details about this sales 
team (such as the number of employees, their titles, or their duties). A brochure for the (a 
luxury residential development in New York) confirmed the involvement of 
" but did not identify any of its employees or specify their individual roles in the 
project. 
In the denial notice, the Director found that "[t]he petitioner has not provided a consistent, credible 
description and evidence of the actual structure and staffing of the [petitioning company]." The 
Director also found that the Petitioner had not established that her only U.S. subordinate, the office 
assistant, is a professional. 
On appeal, the Petitioner states: 
[The Beneficiary] is one of the senior level managers in our US company. In addition 
to managing and directing all marketing and sales activities of our 
Project in California, she [is) also responsible to direct all marketing 
and sales activities of our new project in New York. She needs to 
exercise direction over the services provided by our 5 contracting companies ;:ts listed 
in the List of Projects' Contractors , including oversee marketing and sales plan, 
strategy and activities, oversee and examine their works. She is fully authorized to 
retain professional individuals or contractor services whenever required by the 
projects or business operations. She has full power to make personnel decisions on 
all her subordinates and make discipline or 
award decisions on both sales team 
members in US and China, and recommend further actions to senior level 
management. ... 
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Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
The majority of the day-to-day non-managerial tasks associated with the function she 
manages are performed by her staff of direct and indirect subordinates and by 
external service providers .... 
Further, we have indicated in our response letter that the working schedule for all 
employees of the US company is: our company's normal business hours ... from 
9:00am to 6:00pm local time, Monday through Friday. 
The Petitioner asserts that the Beneficiary "supervises and controls" the work of the parent 
company's "International Sales Team in China ... and its manager." 
2. Analysis 
Upon review, and for the reasons set forth below, the Petitioner has not established that the 
Beneficiary would be employed in the United States in a primarily managerial capacity. 
As discussed above, the Petitioner provided an overview of the Beneficiary's position in the United 
States, noting that her duties would be divided between administrative and operation management 
(20%); business management (65%) and other tasks (15%). Overall, while many of the duties 
broadly described by the Petitioner would generally fall under the definition of managerial capacity, 
the lack of specificity coupled with the inconsistencies surrounding the Petitioner's organizational 
structure, raise questions as to the Beneficiary's actual day-to-day responsibilities, as do the nature 
of the Petitioner's business and the company's staffing levels as of the date of filing. Managing or 
directing a business does not necessarily establish the Beneficiary's eligibility for classification as a 
multinational manager or executive within the meaning of section 101 (a)( 44) of the Act. By statute, 
eligibility for this classification requires that the duties of a position be "primarily" of an executive 
or managerial nature. Sections 101(A)(44)(A) and (B) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(44). While the 
Beneficiary may exercise discretion over the Petitioner's day-to-day operations and possesses the 
requisite level of authority with respect to discretionary decision-making, the Petitioner has not 
submitted a complete and detailed position description sufficient to establish that the Beneficiary's 
actual duties, as of the date of filing, would be primarily managerial or executive in nature. 
Specifically, we note numerous inconsistencies regarding the Beneficiary's claimed duties in light of 
the Petitioner's current organizational hierarchy. For example, the record does not support the claim 
that "the working schedule for all employees of the US company is ... from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm 
local time, Monday through Friday." The Petitioner submitted payroll documentation for only one 
worker other than the Beneficiary, specifically the Beneficiary's office assistant. The pay receipts 
are semimonthly, each reflecting slightly more than two weeks' work. The thirteen submitted pay 
receipts show 715 hours over 199 days, which averages out to 55 hours per pay period, or 25 hours 
per week. While the Beneficiary's pay receipts refer to her pay as "salary," the office assistant's pay 
receipts refer to "1 099 Mise Comp," indicating that the office assistant is a contractor whose 
compensation is reported on IRS Form 1 099-MISC, Miscellaneous Income. 
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(b)(6)
Matter~~ X-D-M-E-, LLC 
The Petitioner asserts that the Beneficiary "has an assistant to help her" with "daily secretarial and 
administrative works." Apart from this part-time assistant, based in New York, the Petitioner did not 
identify any other subordinates who would relieve the Beneficiary from having to perform primarily 
non-qualifying operational functions. 
The Petitioner has claimed that a sales team in China reports to the Beneficiary, but the record 
contains no evidence or information about this team. The Chinese entity, in its contribution to the 
RFE response, did not claim that any employees in China continued to repor1 to the Beneficiary after 
she began working in the United States. The Director instructed the Petitioner to identify the 
Beneficiary's subordinates , and the Petitioner identified only the office assistant in New York. 
Likewise, the record contains no evidence regarding any of the contractors said to report to the 
Beneficiary, with the exception of the part-time office assistant in New York. The Petitioner has 
identified five contracting companies (two sales brokers, a developer, a land development 
consultant , and an advertising firm), but the record does not establish the extent to which the 
Beneficiary controls the activities of the contractors ' employees. Additionally, the Petitioner has not 
explained how the services of the contracted employees obviate the need for the Beneficiary to 
primarily conduct the Petitioner's business. Without documentary evidence to support its 
statements, the Petitioner does not meet its burden of proof in these proceedings. See Matter of 
Soffici, 22 I&N Dec. 158, 165 (Comm'r 1998). 
Section 101(a)(44)(C) ofthe Act requires that, if staffing levels are used as a factor in determining 
whether an individual is acting in a managerial or executive capacity, USCIS must take into account 
the reasonable 
needs of the organization, in light of the overall purpose and stage of development of 
the organization. To establish that the reasonable needs of the organization justify the Beneficiary' s 
job duties, the Petitioner must specifically articulate why those needs are reasonable in light of its 
overall purpose and stage of development. · 
The Petitioner, established in 2012, claims to be engaged in real estate development. The only 
project for which the Petitioner has submitted documentation is the project, which does not 
identify the Beneficiary or establish the extent of her involvement in the project. Filings with the 
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission , excerpted in the record, show that the Petitioner 's parent 
company has established a separate limited liability company called 
related to the project. The Petitioner has not established that the Beneficiary has any 
authority over or that the parent company has delegated authority over 
elements of the project to individuals at other affiliates, such as the Beneficiary in 
The extent of the Petitioner 's business in California appears to be limited to the resale of 15 finished 
condominium units that had purchased. 
In the present matter, the Petitioner has not demonstrated that the Beneficiary primarily performs 
qualifying managerial or executive functions to offset her evident performance of non-managerial or 
non-executive duties which, according to the evidence of record, appear to include the sale and 
promotion of its California-based condominium units. There is insufficient evidence before us to 
establish that the Beneficiary is overseeing the claimed projects noted above, and the record contains 
14 
Matter of X-D-M-E-, LLC 
no evidence to demonstrate that the Beneficiary has sufficient subordinate staff, contractual or 
otherwise, to relieve her from performing non-qualifying duties. Conclusory assertions regarding 
the Beneficiary's employment capacity are not sufficient. Merely repeating the language of the 
statute or regulations does not satisfy the petitioner's burden of proof. See Fedin Bros. Co., Ltd. v. 
Sava, 724 F. Supp. 1103, 1108 (E.D.N.Y. 1989), aff'd, 905 F. 2d 41 (2d. Cir. 1990); Avyr 
Associates, Inc. v. Meissner, 1997 WL 188942 at *5 (S.D.N.Y.). 
The information and evidence discussed above supports the Director's finding that the Petitioner has 
not shown that the Beneficiary will work in a qualifying managerial capacity in the United States. 
For this additional reason, the petition may not be approved. 
III. CONCLUSION 
The Petitioner has not established that the Beneficiary has been or will be employed in a qualifying 
managerial capacity. We will dismiss the appeal for the above stated reasons, with each considered as 
an independent and alternate basis for the decision. In visa petition proceedings, it is the petitioner's 
burden to establish eligibility for the immigration benefit sought. Section 291 of the Act, 8 U.S.C. 
§ 1361; Matter of Otiende, 26 I&N Dec. 127, 128 (BIA 2013). Here, the Petitioner has not met that 
burden. 
ORDER: The appeal is dismissed. 
Cite as Matter ofX-D-M-E-, LLC, ID# 13192 (AAO Sept. 11, 2015) 
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