dismissed H-1B Case: Computer Science

U.S. Citizenship 
and Immigration 
Services 
MATTER OF D-S-S-, LLC 
APPEAL OF VERMONT SERVICE CENTER DECISION 
Non-Precedent Decision of the 
Administrative Appeals Office 
DATE: JAN. 3, 2017 
PETITION: FORM 1-129, PETITION FOR A NONIMMIGRANT WORKER 
The Petitioner, a software consulting firm, seeks to extend the employment of the Beneficiary as a 
"computer programmer" under the H -1 B nonimmigrant classification. See Immigration and 
Nationality Act (the Act) section 101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b), 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b). The H-lB 
program allows a U.S. employer to temporarily employ a qualified foreign worker in a position that 
requires both (a) the theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized knowledge 
and (b) the attainment of a bachelor's or higher degree in the specific specialty (or its equivalent) as 
a minimum prerequisite for entry into the position. 
The Director, Vermont Service Center, denied the petitiOn. The Director concluded that the 
evidence of record was insufficient to establish ( 1) that the Petitioner has specialty occupation work 
available for the Beneficiary; and (2) that the proffered position is a specialty occupation. 
The matter is now before us on appeal. In its appeal, the Petitioner submits additional evidence and 
asserts that it has and continues to have specialty occupation work available for the Beneficiary, and 
that the proffered position is a specialty occupation. 
Upon de novo review, we will dismiss the appeal. 
I. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 
Section 214(i)(l) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1184(i)(l), defines the term "specialty occupation" as an 
occupation that requires: 
(A) theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized 
knowledge, and 
(B) attainment of a bachelor's or higher degree in the specific specialty (or its 
equivalent) as a minimum for entry into the occupation in the United States. 
The regulation at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(ii) largely restates this statutory definition, but adds a 
non-exhaustive list of fields of endeavor. In addition, the regulations provide that· the proffered 
position must meet one of the following criteria to qualify as a specialty occupation: 
Matter of D-S-S-, LLC 
(1) A baccalaureate or higher degree or its equivalent is normally the minimum 
requirement for entry into the particular position; 
(2) The degree requirement is common to the industry in parallel positions among 
similar organizations or, in the alternative, an employer may show that its 
particular position is so complex or unique that it can be performed only by an 
individual with a degree; 
(3) The employer normally requires a degree or its equivalent for the position; or 
( 4) The nature of the specific duties [is] so specialized and complex that 
knowledge required to perform the duties is usually associated with the 
attainment of a baccalaureate or higher degree. 
8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A). U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has consistently 
interpreted the term "degree" in the criteria at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) to mean not just any 
baccalaureate or higher degree, but one in a specific specialty that is directly related to the proposed 
position. See Royal Siam Corp. v. Cherto.ff, 484 F.3d 139, 147 (1st Cir. 2007) (describing "a degree 
requirement in a specific specialty" as "one that relates directly to the duties and responsibilities of a 
particular position"); D~fensor v. Meissner, 201 F.3d 384, 387 (5th Cir. 2000). 
We note that, as recognized by the court in D~fensor, 201 F.3d at 387-88, where the work is to be 
performed for entities other than the petitioner, evidence of the client companies' job requirements is 
critical. The court held that the former Immigration and Naturalization Service had reasonably 
interpreted the statute and regulations as requiring the petitioner to produce evidence that a proffered 
position qualifies as a specialty occupation on the basis of the requirements imposed by the entities 
using the beneficiary's services. !d. Such evidence must be sufficiently detailed to demonstrate the 
type and educational level of highly specialized knowledge in a specific discipline that is necessary 
to perform that particular work. 
II. PROFFERED POSITION 
The Petitioner identified the proffered position as a "computer programmer" on the H-1 B petition. 
In a letter submitted in support of the petition, the Petitioner claimed that it is a software consulting 
firm that specializes in software consulting and development, and that it provides professional 
consultants to business and other consulting firms as well as technology services, support, and 
maintenance. The Petitioner described the Beneficiary's job duties and responsibilities as follows: 
• Correct errors by making appropriate changes and rechecking the program to 
ensure that the desired results are produced. 
• Conduct trial runs of programs and software applications to be sure they will 
produce the desired information and that the instructions are correct. 
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Matter of D-S-S-. LLC 
• Write, update, and maintain computer programs or software packages to handle 
specific jobs such as tracking inventory, storing or retrieving data, or controlling 
other equipment. 
• Write, analyze, review, and rewrite programs, using workflow chart and diagram, 
and applying knowledge of computer capabilities, subject matter, and symbolic 
logic. 
• Perform or direct revision , repair, or expansion of existing programs to increase 
operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements. 
• Consult with managerial, engineering, and technical personnel to clarify program 
intent, identify problems, and suggest changes. 
• Perform systems analysis and programming tasks to maintain and control the use 
of computer systems software as a systems programmer. 
• Compile and write documentation of program development and subsequent 
revisions , inserting comments in the coded instructions so others can understand 
the program. 
• Prepare detailed workflow charts and diagrams that describe input, output , and 
logical operation, and convert them into a series of instructions coded in a 
computer language. 
• Consult with and assist computer operators or system analysts to define and 
resolve problems in running computer programs. 
The Petitioner indicated on the petition and in the accompanying certified labor condition 
application (LCA) that the Beneficiary would be working in-house at its offices for the duration of 
his employment. In response to the Director's request for evidence (RFE) , the Petitioner clarified 
that the Beneficiary will work asi)art of a team that will design a proprietary software program , 
for use in the healthcare industry. In a document submitted in response to the RFE, the 
Petitioner indicated that the Beneficiary would "translate architectural documents to design 
specifications" and "program software based on the design applications" while working on this 
project. 
Finally, the Petitioner stated that the minimum requirement for this position is a "Bachelor's degree 
in Computer Science or its equivalency." 
III. ANALYSIS 
Upon review of the record of proceedings, we concur with the Director's finding that the Petitioner 
did not provide sufficient, credible evidence to establish in-house employment for the Beneficiary 
for the validity of the requested H -1 B employment period. 
For H-lB approval, the Petitioner must demonstrate a legitimate need for an employee exists and to 
substantiate that it has H-1 B caliber work for the Beneficiary for the period of employment 
requested in the petition. It is incumbent upon the Petitioner to demonstrate it has sufficient work to 
require the services of a person with at least a bachelor ' s degree in a specific specialty , or its 
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(b)(6)
Matter of D-S-S- , LLC 
equivalent, to perform duties at a level that requires the theoretical and practical application of at 
least a bachelor's degree level of a body of highly specialized knowledge in a specific specialty for 
the period specified in the petition. Here, the Petitioner has not done so. 
First, we find that the Petitioner did not submit a job description to adequately convey the 
substantive work to be performed by the Beneficiary.' As reflected in the description of the position 
as quoted above, the proffered position has been described in terms of generalized and generic 
functions that do not convey sufficient substantive information to establish the relative complexity , 
uniqueness and/or specialization of the proffered position or its duties. For example, the Petitioner 
stated that the Beneficiary will "correct errors," "conduct trial runs of programs and software," 
"perform systems analysis," and "consult \vith manageriaL engineering, and technical personnel to 
clarify program intent, identify problems, and suggest changes." It is unclear exactly what these 
responsibilities include or how they will be implemented in the project upon which 
the Beneficiary will work. Moreover, the list of duties includes additional tasks such as "consult 
with and assist computer operators or system analysts to define and resolve problems in running 
computer programs. " It is unclear exactly who these computer operators and systems analysts are, 
given that the Petitioner's overview of the project submitted in response to the RFE 
indicates that the project team is comprised of a business development manager, an IT project 
manager, a business analyst, and three computer programmers. In sum, the Petitioner's description 
is generalized and generic in that the Petitioner does not convey the substantive nature of the work 
that the Beneficiary would actually perform on the claimed project, or any particular 
body of highly specialized knowledge that would have to be theoretically and practically applied to 
perform it. The responsibilities for the proffered position contain generalized functions without 
providing sufficient information regarding the particular work, and associated educational 
requirements, into which the duties would manifest themselves in their day-to-day performance. 
Moreover, there is insufficient evidence to establish the exact nature of the Beneficiary's role on the 
project, which the Petitioner asserts is an internal, proprietary product. Although the 
Petitioner identifies the resources needed for the project and claims that the software development 
"will last for at least 3 years," it is unclear how the development of one product will constitute 
continuous specialty occupation work for the three-year requested period. In addition, as noted by 
the Director, the product is not advertised or identified as a proprietary product of the 
Petitioner's website, therefore raising questions regarding the legitimate existence of this project. 
Absent more specific details regarding the requirements for this project, and absent any evidence 
that it has targeted customers within the health care industry, we are precluded from finding that this 
project constitutes a legitimate H-1 B caliber amount of work for the Beneficiary for the requested 
validity period. 
1 We observe that the wording of the duties provided by the Petitioner for the proffered position in the letter of support is 
taken almost verbatim from the Occupational Information Network OnLine ' s list of tasks associated with the 
occupational category "Computer Programmers ." 
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(b)(6)
Matter of D-S-S- , LLC 
On appeal, the Petitioner asserts that the Director's denial constitutes an abuse of discretion, noting 
that it submitted sufficient evidence prior to adjudication that established that the Beneficiary would 
work on the project, which would take several years to build and market. The 
Petitioner further asserts that, while not available at the time of submission, a web page showcasing 
the project would be forthcoming. Finally, the Petitioner submits a copy of a master 
services agreement and statement of work with client executed in June 
2016, noting that these documents establish that the Petitioner routinely provides consulting services 
for clients. 
While the submissions on appeal are noted, we find that the record of proceedings overall lacks 
documentation regarding the Petitioner's business activities and the actual work that the Beneficiary 
will perform in-house to sufficiently substantiate the claim that the Petitioner has H-1 B caliber work 
for the Beneficiary for the period of employment requested in the petition. For example, the 
documents submitted on appeal regarding the Petitioner's relationship with are not 
persuasive, since they identify an unnamed "senior front-end developer ," not the Beneficiary, as the 
key personnel for this project. In addition, these documents were executed in June 2016, over one 
year after the extension petition was filed. The Petitioner must establish eligibility at the time of 
filing the nonimmigrant visa petition and must continue to be eligible for the benefit through 
adjudication. 8 C.F.R. § 103.2(b)(1). A visa petition may not be approved at a future date after the 
Petitioner or Beneficiary becomes eligible under a new set of facts. See Matter of .~1ichelin Tire 
Corp., 17 I&N Dec. 248, 249 (Reg'l Comm'r 1978). 
There is insufficient evidence in the record to demonstrate that the claimed project 
was actually launched and was in process at the time the petition was filed, nor is there evidence of a 
verified customer base for such a project. This fact, coupled with the Petitioner's generic overview 
of the Beneficiary's proposed duties and the omission of any details and timelines with regard to this 
project, falls short of explaining how the Beneficiary, as one of three computer programmers, would 
assist on this project. Moreover, while we acknO\vledge the Petitioner's letter discussing the 
resources needed for this project, we note that the letter at no time identifies the project in question 
by name. Finally, the Petitioner acknowledges on appeal that the product will take 
several years to build and market. A visa petition may not be approved based on speculation of 
future eligibility or after the Petitioner or Beneficiary becomes eligible under a new set of facts. See 
8 C.F.R. § 103.2(b)(l); see also Matter o.f Michelin Tire Corp., 17 I&N Dec. at 249. 
Thus, the Petitioner did not provide documents to substantiate its ongoing project for the H-1 B 
validity period. A petitioner's unsupported statements are of very limited weight and normally will 
be insufficient to carry its burden of proof. See Matter o.f So,ffici, 22 I&N Dec. 158, 165 (Comm'r 
1998) (citing Matter a,( Treasure Craft o,(Cal., 14 I&N Dec. 190 (Reg'! Comm'r 1972)); see also 
.~atter of Chawathe, 25 I&N Dec. 369, 3 76 (AAO 201 0). The Petitioner must support its assertions 
with relevant, probative, and credible evidence. See Matter o,(Chawathe, 25 I&N Dec. at 376. 
As observed above, USCIS in this matter must review the actual duties the Beneficiary will be 
expected to perform to ascertain whether those duties require at least a baccalaureate degree in a 
specific specialty, or its equivalent, as required for classification as a specialty occupation. To 
5 
Matter of D-S-S-, LLC 
accomplish that task in this matter, USCIS must analyze the actual duties in conjunction with the 
specific project(s) to which the Beneficiary will be assigned. To allow otherwise, results in generic 
descriptions of duties that, while they may appear (in some instances) to comprise the duties of a 
specialty occupation, are not related to any actual services the Beneficiary is expected to provide. 
The Petitioner has not provided sufficient details regarding the nature and scope of the Beneficiary's 
employment or any substantive evidence regarding the actual work that the Beneficiary would 
perform. Without a meaningful job description, the record lacks evidence sufficiently concrete and 
informative to demonstrate that the proffered position requires a specialty occupation's level of 
knowledge in a specific specialty. The tasks as described do not communicate (I) the actual work 
that the Beneficiary would perform, (2) the complexity, uniqueness and/or specialization of the 
tasks, and/or (3) the correlation between that work and a need for a particular level education of 
highly specialized knowledge in a specific specialty. 
The Petitioner has not established the substantive nature of the work to be performed by the 
Beneficiary, which therefore precludes a finding that the proffered position satisfies any criterion at 
8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A), because it is the substantive nature of that work that determines (1) 
the normal minimum educational requirement for entry into the particular position, which is the 
focus of criterion 1; (2) industry positions which are parallel to the proffered position and thus 
appropriate for review for a common degree requirement, under the first alternate prong of criterion 
2; (3) the level of complexity or uniqueness of the proffered position, which is the focus of the 
second alternate prong of criterion 2; ( 4) the factual justification for a petitioner normally requiring a 
degree or its equivalent, when that is an issue under criterion 3; and (5) the degree of specialization 
and complexity of the specific duties, which is the focus of criterion 4. 
Taken as a whole, the record of proceedings does not contain sufficient, reliable evidence 
demonstrating the substantive nature of the proffered position and its constituent duties.2 
Nevertheless, we will review the Petitioner's general description of duties and the evidence of record 
to determine whether the proffered position as described would qualify for classification as a 
specialty occupation.3 To that end and to make our determination as to whether the employment 
described above qualifies as a specialty occupation, we turn to the criteria at 8 C.F.R. 
§ 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A). 
A. First Criterion 
We turn first to the criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(J), which requires that a baccalaureate 
or higher degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent, is normally the minimum requirement for 
2 Further, without full disclosure, we are unable to determine whether the requisite employer-employee relationship with 
exist between the Petitioner and Beneficiary. 
3 The Petitioner submitted documentation to support the H-1 B petition, including evidence regarding the proffered 
position and its business operations. While we may not discuss every document submitted, we have reviewed and 
considered each one. · 
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Matter ~~ D-S-S-, LLC 
entry into the particular position. To inform this inquiry, we recognize the U.S. Department of Labor's 
(DOL) Occupational Outlook Handbook (Handbook) as an authoritative source on the duties and 
educational requirements ofthe wide variety of occupations that it addresses.4 
On the LCA 5 submitted in support of the H-1 B petition, the Petitioner designated the proffered 
position under the occupational category "Computer Programmers," corresponding to the Standard 
Occupational Classification code 15-1131.6 The Handbook subchapter entitled "How to Become a 
Computer Programmer" states in pertinent part: "Most computer programmers have a bachelor's 
degree; however, some employers hire workers who have an associate's degree."7 Thus, the 
Handbook does not support the Petitioner's assertion that a bachelor's degree is required for entry 
into this occupation. The Handbook does not indicate that there are any specific degree 
requirements for these jobs. 
The Petitioner has not provided documentation from a probative source to substantiate its assertion 
regarding the minimum requirement for entry into this particular position. Thus, the Petitioner has 
not satisfied the criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(l). 
B. Second Criterion 
The second criterion presents two, alternative prongs: "The degree requirement is common to the 
industry in parallel positions among similar organizations or, in the alternative, an employer may 
4 All of our references are to the 2016-2017 edition of the Handbook, which may be accessed at the Internet site 
http://www.bls.gov/ooh/. We do not, however, maintain that the Handbook is the exclusive source of relevant 
information. That is, the occupational category designated by the Petitioner is considered as an aspect in establishing the 
general tasks and responsibilities of a proffered position, and USC IS regularly reviews the Handbook on the duties and 
educational requirements of the wide variety of occupations that it addresses. To satisfy the first criterion, however, the 
burden of proof remains on the Petitioner to submit sufficient evidence to support a finding that its particular position 
would normally have a minimum, specialty degree requirement, or its equivalent, for entry. 
5 The Petitioner is required to submit a certified LCA to USC IS to demonstrate that it will pay an H-1 B worker the 
higher of either the prevailing wage for the occupational classification in the ''area of employment" or the actual wage 
paid by the employer to other employees with similar experience and qualifications who are performing the same 
services. See Matter o[Simeio Solutions, LLC, 26 I&N Dec. 542, 545-546 (AAO 2015). 
6 The Petitioner classified the proffered position at a Level I wage (the lowest of four assignable wage levels). We will 
consider this selection in our analysis of the position. The "Prevailing Wage Determination Policy Guidance" issued by 
the DOL provides a description of the wage levels. A Level I wage rate is generally appropriate for positions for which 
the Petitioner expects the Beneficiary to have a basic understanding of the occupation. This wage rate indicates: (I) that 
the. Beneficiary will be expected to perform routine tasks that require limited, if any, exercise of judgment; (2) that he 
will be closely supervised and his work closely monitored and reviewed for accuracy: and (3) that he will receive 
specific instructions on required tasks and expected results. U.S. Dep't of Labor, Emp't & Training Admin., Prevailing 
Wage Determination Policy Guidance, Nonagric. Immigration Programs (rev. Nov. 2009), available at 
http://tlcdatacenter.com/download/NPWHC_Guidance_Revised_ll_2009.pdf A prevailing wage determination starts 
with an entry level wage and progresses to a higher wage level after considering the experience, education, and skill 
requirements of the Petitioner's job opportunity. !d. 
7 For additional information regarding the occupational category "Computer Programmers," see U.S. Dep't of Labor, 
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2016-2017 ed., Computer Programmers, available at 
http://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-programmers.htm (last visited Dec. 21, 20 16). 
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Matter ~~ D-S-S-. LLC 
show that its particular position is so complex or unique that it can be performed only by an 
individual with a degree[.]" 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(2) (emphasis added). The first prong 
casts its gaze upon the common industry practice, while the alternative prong narrows its focus to the 
Petitioner's specific position. 
1. First Prong 
To satisfy this first prong of the second criterion, the Petitioner must establish that the "degree 
requirement" (i.e., a requirement of a bachelor's or higher degree in a specific specialty, or its 
equivalent) is common to the industry in parallel positions among similar organizations. 
In determining whether there is such a common degree requirement, factors often considered by USCIS 
include: whether the Handbook reports that the industry requires a degree; whether the industry's 
professional association has made a degree a minimum entry requirement; and whether letters or 
affidavits from firms or individuals in the industry attest that such tirms "routinely employ and recruit 
only degreed individuals." See Shanti, Inc. v. Reno, 36 F. Supp. 2d 1151, 1165 (D. Minn. 1999) 
(quoting Hird/Blaker Corp. v. Sava, 712 F. Supp. 1095, 1102 (S.D.N.Y. 1989)). 
Here and as already discussed, the Petitioner has not established that its proffered position is one for 
which the Handbook (or other independent, authoritative source) reports an industry-wide requirement 
for at least a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty or its equivalent. Thus, we incorporate by 
reference the previous discussion on the matter. Also, there are no submissions from the industry's 
professional association indicating that it has made a degree a minimum entry requirement. 
Furthermore, the Petitioner did not submit any letters or affidavits from similar firms or individuals 
in the Petitioner's industry attesting that such firms "routinely employ and recruit only degreed 
individuals." 
Thus, the evidence of record does not establish that a requirement of a bachelor's or higher degree in 
a specific specialty, or its equivalent, is common to parallel positions in organizations that are in the 
Petitioner's industry and otherwise similar to the Petitioner. The Petitioner has not, therefore, 
satisfied the criterion ofthe first alternative prong of8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(2). 
2. Second Prong 
We will next consider the second alternative prong of 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(2), which is 
satisfied if the Petitioner shows that its particular position is so complex or unique that it can be 
performed only by an individual with at least a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, or its 
equivalent. 
The evidence of record also does not satisfy the second alternative prong of 8 C.F.R. 
§ 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(2), which provides that "an employer may show that its particular position is so 
complex or unique that it can be performed only by an individual with a degree." A review of the 
record of proceedings finds that the Petitioner has not credibly demonstrated that the duties the 
Beneficiary will be responsible for or perform on a day-to-day basis constitute a position so complex 
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Matter of D-S-S-. LLC 
or unique that it can only be performed by a person with at least a bachelor's degree in a specific 
specialty, or its equivalent. Even when considering the Petitioner's general descriptions of the 
proffered position's duties, the evidence of record does not establish why a few related courses or 
industry experience alone is insufficient preparation for the proffered position. While a few related 
courses may be beneficial, or even required, in performing certain duties of the position, the 
Petitioner has not demonstrated how an established curriculum. of such courses leading to a 
baccalaureate or higher degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent, is required to perform the 
duties ofthe proffered position. The description of the duties does not specifically identify any tasks 
that are so complex or unique that only a specifically degreed individual could perform them. The 
record lacks sufficiently detailed information to distinguish the proffered position as more complex 
or unique from other positions that can be performed by persons without at least a bachelor's degree 
in a specific specialty, or its equivalent. 
This is further evidenced by the LCA submitted by the Petitioner in support of the instant 
petition. As noted above, the Petitioner attested on the submitted LCA that the wage level for the 
proffered position is a Level I (entry-level) wage. Such a wage level is for a position which only 
requires the performance of routine tasks that require limited, if any, exercise of judgment; close 
supervision and work closely monitored and reviewed for accuracy; and the receipt of specific 
instructions on required tasks and expected results, and is contrary to a position that requires the 
performance of complex duties. 8 It is, instead, a position for an employee who has only basic 
understanding of the occupation. 
Therefore, the evidence of record does not establish that this position is significantly different from 
other positions in the occupation such that it refutes the Handbook's information to the effect that 
there is a spectrum of degrees acceptable for such positions, including degrees that are less than a 
bachelor's degree and degrees that are not in a specific specialty. In other words, the record lacks 
sufficiently detailed information to distinguish the proffered position as unique from or more 
complex than positions that can be performed by persons without at least a bachelor's degree in a 
specific specialty, or its equivalent. As the Petitioner did not demonstrate how the proffered position 
is so complex or unique relative to other positions within the same occupational category that do not 
require at least a baccalaureate degree in a specific specialty or its equivalent for entry into the 
occupation in the United States, it cannot be concluded that the Petitioner has satisfied the second 
alternative prong of8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(2). 
8 The issue here is that the Petitioner's designation of this position as a Levell, entry-level position undermines a finding 
that the position is particularly complex, specialized, or unique compared to other positions within the same 
occupation. Nevertheless, a Level I wage-designation does not preclude a proffered position from classification as a 
specialty occupation, just as a Level IV wage-designation does not definitively establish such a classification. In certain 
occupations (e.g., doctors or lawyers), a Level 1, entry-level position would still require a minimum of a bachelor's 
degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent, for entry. Similarly, however, a Level IV wage-designation would not 
reflect that an occupation qualifies as a specialty oc.cupation if that higher-level position does not have an entry 
requirement of at least a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent. That is, a position's wage level 
designation may be a relevant factor but is not itself conclusive evidence that a proffered position meets the requirements 
of section 214(i)( I) of the Act. 
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Matter ~( D-S-S-. LLC 
The Petitioner claims that the Beneficiary is well-qualified for the position, and references his 
qualifications repeatedly. However, the test to establish a position as a specialty occupation is not 
the education or experience of a proposed beneficiary, but whether the position itself requires at least 
a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent. The Petitioner did not sufficiently 
develop relative complexity or uniqueness as an aspect of the duties of the position, and it did not 
identify any tasks that are so complex or unique that only a specifically degreed individual could 
perform them. Accordingly, the Petitioner has not satisfied the second alternative prong of 8 C.F.R. 
§ 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(2). 
C. Third Criterion 
The third criterion of 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) entails an employer demonstrating that it 
normally requires a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent, for the position. In 
our analysis pertinent to this criterion, we usually review a petitioner's past recruiting and hiring 
practices, as well as information regarding employees who hold or previously held the position. 
On the H-lB petition, the Petitioner stated that it was established in 2000 and that it has 8 workers in 
the United States. Neither the number of Level I computer programmers employed by the Petitioner 
nor their educational qualifications has been demonstrated. The Petitioner has not, therefore, 
demonstrated that it normally requires a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent, 
for the position, and has not, therefore, satisfied the criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(3). 9 
D. Fourth Criterion 
The fourth criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) requires a petitioner to establish that the nature 
of the specific duties is so specialized and complex that the knowledge required to perform them is 
usually associated with the attainment of a baccalaureate or higher degree in a specific specialty, or 
its equivalent. 
In the instant case, relative specialization and complexity have not been sufficiently developed by 
the Petitioner as an aspect of the proffered position. We again refer to our earlier comments and 
findings with regard to the implication ofthe Petitioner's designation of the proffered position in the 
LCA as a Level I (the lowest of four assignable levels) wage. That is, the Level I wage designation 
9 
While a petitioner may believe or otherwise assert that a proffered position requires a degree in a specific specialty, 
that opinion alone without corroborating evidence cannot establish the position as a specialty occupation. Were USCIS 
limited solely to reviewing a petitioner's claimed self-imposed requirements, then any individual with a bachelor's 
degree could be brought to the United States to perform any occupation as long as the employer artificially created a 
token degree requirement, whereby all individuals employed in a particular position possessed a baccalaureate or higher 
degree in the specific specialty or its equivalent. See Defensor v. A1eissner, 20 I F. 3d at 387. In other words, if a 
petitioner's degree requirement is only symbolic and the proffered position does not in fact require such a specialty 
degree or its equivalent to perform its duties, the occupation would not meet the statutory or regulatory definition of a 
specialty occupation. See section 214(i)( 1) of the Act; 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)( 4)(ii) (defining the term "specialty 
occupation"). ' 
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Matter of D-S-S-, LLC 
is indicative of a low, entry-level position relative to others within the occupational category, and 
hence one not likely distinguishable by relatively specialized and complex duties. 10 Upon review of 
the totality of the record, the Petitioner has not established that the nature of the specific duties is so 
specialized and complex that the knowledge required to perform the duties is usually associated with 
the attainment of a baccalaureate or higher degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent. 
In other words, the proposed duties have not been described with sufficient specificity to show that 
they are more specialized and complex than computer programmer positions that are not usually 
associated with at least a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty or its equivalent. 
For the reasons discussed above, the evidence of record does not satisfy the fourth criterion at 
8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A). 
IV. PRIORAPPROVAL 
The record indicates that USCIS approved another petition that had been previously filed on behalf 
ofthe Beneficiary. The Director's decision does not indicate whether the prior approval of the other 
nonimmigrant petition was reviewed. If the previous nonimmigrant petition was approved based on 
the same unsupported and contradictory assertions that are contained in the current record, the 
approval would constitute material and gross error on the part of the Director. We are not required 
to approve petitions where eligibility has not been demonstrated, merely because of prior approvals 
that may have been erroneous. See Matter of Church Scientology Int '!, 19 I&N Dec. 593, 597 
(Comm'r 1988). It would be "absurd to suggest that [USCIS] or any agency must treat 
acknowledged errors as binding precedent." Sussex Eng 'g. Ltd. v. lvfonlgomery, 825 F .2d 1 084, 
1090 (6th Cir. 1987). 
A prior approval does not compel the approval of a subsequent petition or relieve the Petitioner of its 
burden to provide sufficient documentation to establish current eligibility for the benefit 
sought. Temporary Alien Workers Seeking Classification Under the Immigration and Nationality 
Act, 55 Fed. Reg. 2,606, 2,612 (Jan. 26, 1990) (to be codified at 8 C.F.R. pt. 214). A prior approval 
also does not preclude users from denying an extension of an original visa petition based on a 
reassessment of eligibility for the benefit sought. See Tex. A&Af Univ. v. Upchurch, 99 F. App'x 
556 (5th Cir. 2004). Furthermore, our authority over the service centers is comparable to the 
relationship between a court of appeals and a district court. Even if a service center director had 
approved the nonimmigrant petitions on behalf of a beneficiary, we would not be bound to follow 
the contradictory decision of a service center. See La. Philharmonic Orchestra v. INS, 44 F. Supp. 
2d 800, 803 (E.D. La. 1999). 
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Again, the Petitioner's designation of this position as a Level I, entry-level position undermines its claim that the 
position is particularly complex, specialized, or unique compared to other positions within the same occupation. 
II 
Matter of D-S-S-, LLC 
V. CONCLUSION 
The burden is on the Petitioner to show eligibility for the immigration benefit sought. Section 291 of 
the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1361; Matter o.fOtiende, 26 l&N Dec. 127, 128 (BIA 2013). Here, that burden 
.has not been met. 
ORDER: The appeal is dismissed. 
Cite as Matter of D-S-S-, LLC, ID# 99561 (AAO Jan. 3, 20 17) 
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