dismissed H-1B Case: Fashion

(b)(6)
DATE: JUl 1 6 2015 
IN RE: Petitioner: 
Beneficiary: 
PETITION RECEIPT#: 
U.S . .Department of Homeland Secur ity 
U. S. C itizenship and Immigration Services 
Administrative Appeals Oflice 
20 Massachu setts Ave .• N.W., MS 2090 
Washington , DC 20529- 2090 
U.S. Citizenship 
and Immigration 
Services 
PETITION: Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker Pursuant to Section I 0 I (a)( I S)(H)(i)(b) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. § llOl(a)( I S)(H)(i)(b) 
ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER: 
Enclosed is the non-precedent decision of the Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) for your case. 
If you believe we incorrectly decided your case, you may file a motion requesting us to reconsider our 
decision and/or reopen the proceeding. The requirements for motions are located at 8 C.F.R . § I 03.5. 
Motions must be filed on a Notice of Appeal or Motion (Form I-290B) within 33 days of the date of this 
decision. The Form 1-2908 web page (www.uscis.gov/i-290b) contains the latest information on fee , filing 
location, and other requirements. Please do not mail any motions directly to the AAO . 
Ron Rosenberg 
Chief , Administrative Appeals Office 
www.uscis.gov 
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DISCUSSION: The Director, Vermont Service Center, denied the nonimmigrant visa petition. The 
matter is now before the Administrative Appeals Office on appeal. The appeal will be dismissed. 
I. INTRODUCTION 
On the Form I-129 visa petition, the petitioner 
describes itself as a two-employee women's fashion 
manufacturer established in In order to employ the beneficiary in what it designates as a 
"Systems Engineer/Architect" position at a salary of $60,000 per year, the petitioner seeks to 
classify him as a nonimmigrant worker m a specialty occupation pursuant to section 
101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (the Act), 8 U.S.C. 
§ 1101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b). 
The Director denied the petition, concluding that the evidence of record did not establish that the 
proffered position qualifies as a specialty occupation.1 On appeal, the petitioner asserts that the 
director's basis for denial of the petition was erroneous and contends that it satisfied all evidentiary 
requirements. 
The record of proceeding before us contains the following: (1) the Form I-129 and supporting 
documentation; (2) the Director's request for additional evidence (RFE); (3) the petitioner's 
response to the RFE; (4) the Director's letter denying the petition; (5) the Form I-290B, Notice of 
Appeal or Motion, and supporting documentation; (6) our RFE; and (7) the petitioner's response to 
our RFE. 
Upon review of the entire record of proceeding, we find that the evidence of record does not 
overcome the Director's basis for denying this petition.2 Accordingly, the appeal will be dismissed. 
II. SPECIALITY OCCUPATION 
The primary issue is whether the petitioner has demonstrated by a preponderance of the evidence 
that it will employ the beneficiary in a specialty occupation. 
A. Legal Framework 
For an H-1B petition to be granted, the petitioner must provide sufficient evidence to establish that 
it will employ the beneficiary in a specialty occupation position. 
Section 214(i)(l) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1184(i)(l), defines the term "specialty occupation" as an 
1 
The director also found that the evidence of record did not indicate that the beneficiary had maintained 
valid nonimmigrant status. As we do not have jurisdiction over maintenance of status issues, this issue will 
not be discussed. 
2 We conduct appellate review on a de novo basis. See Soltane v. DOJ, 381 F.Jd 143, 145 (3d Cir. 2004). 
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occupation that requires: 
(A) theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized 
knowledge, and 
(B) attainment of a bachelor's or higher degree in the specific specialty (or its 
equivalent) as a minimum for entry into the occupation in the United States. 
The regulation at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(ii) defines the specialty occupation in accordance with the 
statute but also provides a non-exhaustive list of subject areas that may require highly specialized 
knowledge: 
Specialty occupation means an occupation which [(1 )] requires theoretical and 
practical application of a body of highly specialized knowledge in fields of human 
endeavor including, but not limited to, architecture , engineering, mathematics , 
physical sciences, social sciences, medicine and health, education, business 
specialties, accounting, law, theology, and the arts, and which [(2)] requires the 
attainment of a bachelor's degree or higher in a specific specialty, or its equivalent, 
as a minimum for entry into the occupation in the United States. 
The regulations at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) provide additional guidance on how a petitioner may 
satisfy the statutory requirement. To qualify as a specialty occupation, a proposed position must meet 
one of the following criteria: 
(1) A baccalaureate or higher degree or its equivalent is nonnally the minimum 
requirement for entry into the particular position; 
(2) The degree requirement is common to the industry in parallel positions among 
similar organizations or, in the alternative, an employer may show that its 
particular position is so complex or unique that it can be perf01med only by an 
individual with a degree; 
(3) The employer n01mally requires a degree or its equivalent for the position ; or 
(4) The nature of the specific duties [is] so specialized and complex that knowledge 
required to perform the duties is usually associated with the attainment of a 
baccalaureate or higher degree. 
As a threshold issue, it is noted that 8 C .F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) must logically be read together 
with section 214(i)(l) of the Act and 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(ii). In other words, this regulatory 
language must be construed in harmony with the thrust of the related provisions and with the 
statute as a whole. SeeK Mart Corp. v . Cartier, Inc., 486 U.S. 281, 291 (1988) (holding that 
construction of language which takes into account the design of the statute as a whole is 
preferred); see also COlT Independence Joint Venture v. Federal Sav. and Loan ins. Corp., 489 
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U.S. 561 (1989); Matter ofW-F-, 21 I&N Dec. 503 (BIA 1996). As such, the criteria stated in 8 
C.P.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) should logically be read as being necessary but not necessarily 
sufficient to meet the statutory and regulatory definition of specialty occupation. To otherwise 
interpret this section as stating the necessary and sufficient conditions for meeting the definition of 
specialty occupation would result in particular positions meeting a condition under 8 C.P.R. 
§ 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) but not the statutory or regulatory definition. See Defensor v. Meissner, 
201 F.3d 384, 387 (5th Cir. 2000). To avoid this result, 8 C.P.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) must 
therefore be read as providing supplemental criteria that must be met in accordance with, and not 
as alternatives to, the statutory and regulatory definitions of specialty occupation. 
As such and consonant with section 214(i)(l) of the Act and the regulation at 8 C.P.R. 
§ 214.2(h)(4)(ii), U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCJS) consistently interprets the 
term "degree" in the criteria at 8 C.P.R.§ 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) to mean not just any baccalaureate or 
higher degree, but one in a specific specialty that is directly related to the proffered position. See 
Royal Siam Corp. v. Chertoff, 484 F.3d 139, 147 (1st Cir. 2007) (describing "a degree requirement 
in a specific specialty" as "one that relates directly to the duties and responsibilities of a particular 
position"). Applying this standard, USCIS regularly approves H-1B petitions for qualified aliens 
who are to be employed as engineers, computer scientists, certified public accountants, college 
professors, and other such occupations. These professions, for which petitioners have regularly 
been able to establish a minimum entry requirement in the United States of a baccalaureate or 
higher degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent, directly related to the duties and 
responsibilities of the particular position, fairly represent the types of specialty occupations that 
Congress contemplated when it created the H-1B visa category. 
To determine whether a particular job qualifies as a specialty occupation, USCIS does not simply 
rely on a position's title. The specific duties of the proffered position, combined with the nature of 
the petitioning entity's business operations, are factors to be considered. users must examine the 
ultimate employment of the alien, and determine whether the position qualifies as a specialty 
occupation. See generally Defensor v. Meissner, 201 F. 3d 384. The critical element is not the 
title of the position nor an employer's self-imposed standards, but whether the position actually 
requires the theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized knowledge, and 
the attainment of a baccalaureate or higher degree in the specific specialty as the minimum for 
entry into the occupation, as required by the Act. 
B. The Petitioner and the Proffered Position 
In a support letter dated March 17, 2014, the petitioner described its business as follows: 
Established in the United States in 
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The petitioner indicated that the beneficiary "will be charged with overseeing the design, building 
and maintenance of our proprietary website and complex applications by using[,] authoring, and/or 
scripting languages, content creation tools, management tools and digital media," and further 
described the proffered position as follows: 
1. Assessing current architecture and creating a plan for enhancements; 
2. Analyzing user needs to determine technical and specific system requirements; 
identifying system data, hardware, or software components required to meet these user 
needs; 
3. Collaborating on product design and feature; providing advice on project costs, design 
concepts, or design changes; 
4. Managing the deployment, monitoring, maintenance , development, ·upgrade, and 
support of the company server; collaborating with other engineers or software 
developers select appropriate design solutions or ensure the compatibility of system 
components; 
5. Analyzing, developing, enhancing, coding, testing, documenting and implementing 
Magento/Wordpress CMS modifications; 
6. Performing and/or 
directing our company website updates; 
7. Developing custom PHP applications using web services, including XML, SOAP, and 
AJAX; 
8. Implementing and using version control; 
9. Identifying problems uncovered by testing or customer feedback, and correcting 
problems or referring problems to appropriate personnel for correction ; 
10. Evaluating code to ensure that it is valid, is properly structured, meets industry 
standards and is compatible with browsers, devices, or operating systems; 
11. Developing and/or validating test routines and schedules to ensure that test cases 
mimic external interfaces and addressing all browser and device types; 
12. Performing unit and system testing on deliverable products ; 
13. Providing support during systems upgrades, installations, conversions and file 
maintenance; 
14. Managing security solutions including providing guidelines for implementing secure 
systems for customers; 
15. Ensuring the creation or translation and maintenance of all written documentation, 
including system and user manuals, and documentation of modifications and upgrades; 
16. Conferring with management and/or development teams to prioritize needs, resolving 
conflicts, developing content criteria, or choosing solutions ; 
17. Continually evaluating current or emerging technologies to consider factors such as 
cost, portability, compatibility , or usability when deciding on system solutions; and 
18. Monitoring system operations to detect potential problems. 
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NON-PRECEDENT DECISION 
The duties of this pos1t10n could only be satisfactorily performed by an individual 
possessing, at minimum, a baccalaureate degree or its equivalent in computer science, 
information technology or another closely related field. 
The Labor Condition Application (LCA) submitted by the petitioner in support of the petition was 
certified for use with a job prospect within the "Computer Occupations, All Other" occupational 
classification, SOC (O*NET/OES) Code 15-1199, at a Level I (entry-level) wage. 
C. Analysis 
A baccalaureate or higher degree in a spectfic specialty , or its equivalent, is 
normally the minimum requir ement for entry into the particular position 
We will now discuss the proffered position in relation to the criterion at 8 C.F.R. 
§ 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(J), which requires that a baccalaureate or higher degree in a specific 
specialty, or its equivalent, is normally the minimum requirement for entry into the particular 
position. 
We recognize the U.S. Department of Labor's (DOL) Occupational Outlook Handbook 
(Handbook) as an authoritative source on the duties and educational requirements of the wide 
variety of occupations that it addresses .3 As noted above, the LCA corresponds to the 
occupational classification "Computer Occupations , All Other"-SOC(ONET/OES) code 15-1799, 
at a Level I (entry level) wage. 4 
3 All references are to the 2014-2015 edition of the Handbook, which may be accessed at the Internet site 
http ://www.bls .gov/OCO/. 
4 The wage levels are defined in DOL's "Prevailing Wage Determination Policy Guidance." A Level I 
wage rate is described as follows : 
Level I (entry) wage rates are assigned to job offers for beginning level employees who 
have only a basic understanding of the occupation. These employees perform routine tasks 
that require limited, if any, exercise of judgment. The tasks provide experience and 
familiarization with the employer's methods , practices , and programs. The employees may 
perform higher level work for training and developmental purposes. These employees 
work under close supervision and receive specific instructions on required tasks and results 
expected. Their work is closely monitored and reviewed for accuracy. Statements that the 
job offer is for a research fellow , a worker in training , or an internship are indicators that a 
Levell wage should be considered . 
U.S. Dep't of Labor , Emp't & Training Admin., Prevailing Wage Determination Policy Guidance, 
Nonagric. Immigration Programs (rev. Nov. 2009), available at 
http ://www.foreignlaborcert .doleta .gov/pdf/NPWHC Guidance Revised II 2009.pdf. 
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We reviewed the Handbook regarding the occupational category "Computer Occupations, All 
Other." However , the Handbook does not provide a detailed narrative account nor does it provide 
summary data for this occupational category. More specifically , the Handbook does not provide 
the typical duties and responsibilities for "Computer Occupations, All Other." It also does not 
provide any information regarding the academic and/or professional requirements for these 
positions. Thus , the Handbook does not support the claim that the occupational category here is 
one for which normally the minimum requirement for entry is a baccalaureate degree (or higher) 
in a specific specialty, or its equivalent. 
We note that there are occupational categories which are not covered in detail by the Handbook , as 
well as occupations for which the Handbook does not provide any information. The Handbook 
states the following about these occupations: 
Although employment for hundreds of occupations are covered in detail in the 
Occupational Outlook Handbook , this page presents summary data on additional 
occupations for which employment projections are prepared but detailed 
occupational information is not developed . For each occupation, the Occupational 
Information Network (O*NET) code, the occupational definition, 2012 
employment, the May 2012 median annual wage , the projected employment change 
and growth rate from 2012 to 2022, and education and training categories are 
presented . 
U.S. Dep't of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014-15 ed., 
"Data for Occupations Not Covered in Detail ," http://www.bls.gov/ooh/About/Data-for­
Occupations-Not-Covered-in-Detail.htm (last visited July 6, 20 15). 
Thus, the narrative of the Handbook indicates that there are many occupations for which only brief 
summaries are presented and that detailed occupational profiles for these occupations are not 
developed. 5 The Handbook suggests that for at least some of the occupations , little meaningful 
information could be developed. 
Accordingly, in certain instances, the Handbook is not determinative. When the Handbook does 
not support the proposition that a proffered position is one that meets the statutory and regulatory 
provisions of a specialty occupation , it is incumbent upon the petitioner to provide persuasive 
evidence that the proffered position more likely than not satisfies the statutory and regulatory 
5 We note that occupational categories for which the Handbook only includes summary data includes a 
range of occupations, including for example, postmasters and mail superintendents; agents and business 
managers of artists, performers, and athletes; farm and home management advisors; audio visual and 
multimedia collections specialists; clergy; merchandise displayers and window trimmers; radio operators; 
first-line supervisors of police and detectives; crossing guards; travel guides; agricultural inspectors, as well 
as others. 
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provisions, including this or one of the other three criteria, notwithstanding the absence of the 
Handbook's, support on the issue. In such case, it is the petitioner's responsibility to provide 
probative evidence (e.g., documentation from other objection, authoritative sources) that supports 
a finding that the particular position in question qualifies as a specialty occupation. Whenever 
more than one authoritative source exists, an adjudicator will consider and weigh all of the 
evidence presented to determine whether the particular position qualifies as a specialty occupation. 
The petitioner indicated that according to the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), the 
occupational category "Computer Occupations, All Other" encompasses 
multiple occupations , 
including "System Engineers/ Architects." The petitioner claimed that according to O*NET, this 
occupational category has a Specific Vocational Preparation (SVP) value of 7.0 < 8.0, and a four 
year bachelor's degree is generally 
the norm in this field. However , under the subsection entitled 
"Education ," O*NET states that "[m]ost of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's 
degree, but some do not." In other words, O*NET does not state that a degree must be in a 
specific specialty. As noted previously, we interpret the term "degree" in the criteria at 8 C.F.R. § 
214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) to mean not just any baccalaureate or higher degree, but one in a specific 
specialty that is directly related to the proffered position. Although a general-purpose bachelor's 
degree may be a legitimate prerequisite for a particular position, requiring such a degree, without 
more, will not justify a finding that a particular position qualifies for classification as a specialty 
occupation. See Royal Siam Corp. v. Chertoff, 484 F.3d 139, 147 (1st Cir. 2007). 
In response to the RFE, the petitioner also submitted a letter dated July 17, 2014 from 
from University. In the letter he states that the "duties and responsibilities 
clearly indicate that the nature of this position is so specialized and complex that only individuals 
possessing the detailed theoretical and practical knowledge associated with at least a Bachelor's 
Degree or equivalent in Computer Science, Information Technology , or a closely related field 
would be capable of performing the job duties." 
Notably, he asserts "it is clear that this [petitioner's] 'Systems Engineer/ Architect' position involves 
duties both in the Information Technology domain and in the software development Web 
Programming domain." He further claims that the duties of this position correlate with the typical 
duties and responsibilities described in O*NET's "Computer Systems Engineers/Architects" and 
the Handbook's "Web Developers." However, as noted, the LCA filed in support of this petition 
was certified for the occupational category "Computer Occupations , All Other," SOC 
(O*NET/OES) Code 15-1199.6 
6 According to DOL's "Prevailing Wage Determination Policy Guidance," "if the employer's job 
opportunity has worker requirements described in a combination of O*NET occupations , the [determiner] 
should default directly to the relevant O*NET-SOC occupational code for the highest paying occupation ." 
Here, a search of the Foreign Labor Certification Data Center Online Wage Library reveals that the 
prevailing wage for "Web Developers" SOC (O*NET/OES) Code 15-1134 for New York, NY at a Levell 
is $49,026, which is higher than the prevailing wage for the occupational category of "Computer 
Occupations , All Other." While the petitioner's proffered wage is higher than the prevailing wage for "Web 
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Further, states that the proffered position is "clearly a professional-level position with 
a broad set of responsibilities that extend well beyond the entry-level," and is also "technically 
advanced." However, there is no indication that the petitioner advised that it 
characterized the proffered position as a low, entry-level position, for a beginning employee who 
has only a basic understanding of the occupation (as indicated by the wage-level on the LCA). 
The wage-rate indicates that the beneficiary will be expected to perform routine tasks that require 
limited, if any, exercise of judgment; that he will be closely supervised and his work closely 
monitored and reviewed for accuracy; and that he will receive specific instructions on required 
tasks and expected results. It appears that would have found this information relevant 
for his opinion letter. Moreover, without this information, the petitioner has not demonstrated that 
possessed the requisite information necessary to adequately assess the nature of the 
petitioner's position and appropriately determine parallel positions based upon the job duties and 
responsibilities. 
does not provide a substantive, analytical basis for his op1mon and ultimate 
conclusion. His opinion does not relate his conclusion to specific, concrete aspects of this 
petitioner's business operations to demonstrate a sound factual basis for the conclusion about the 
educational requirements for the particular position here at issue. Moreover, he did not support his 
conclusions by providing copies or citations of any research material used. He has not provided 
sufficient facts that would support the assertion that the proffered position requires at least a 
bachelor's degree in a specific specialty (or its equivalent). 
Therefore, we find that the opinion letter rendered by is not probative evidence to 
establish the proffered position qualifies as a specialty occupation. The conclusions reached by 
lack the requisite specificity and detail and are not supported by independent, 
objective evidence demonstrating the manner in which he reached such conclusions. Further, the 
opinion is not in accord with other information inthe record. 
We may, in our discretion , use as advisory opinion statements submitted as expert testimony. 
However, where an opinion is not in accord with other information or is in any way questionable , 
we are not required to accept or may give less weight to that evidence . Matter of Caron 
International, 19 I&N Dec. 791 (Comm'r 1988). 
In the instant case, the petitioner has not established that the proffered position falls under an 
occupational category for which the Handbook, or other authoritative source, indicates that 
normally the minimum requirement for entry is at least a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, 
or its equivalent. Thus, the petitioner has not satisfied the criterion at 8 C.P.R. 
§ 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(J). 
Developers," the regulation at 20 C.F.R. § 655.705(b) requires that USCIS ensure that an LCA actually 
supports the H-1 B petition filed on behalf of the beneficiary. 
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NON-PRECEDENT DECISION 
The requirement of a baccalaureate or higher degree in a specific .specialty, 
or its equivalent, is common to 
the industry in parallel 
position s among similar organization s 
Next, we will review the record regarding the first of the two alternative prongs of 8 C.F.R. 
§ 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(2). This prong alternatively calls for a petitioner to establish that a 
requirement of a bachelor's or higher degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent, is common 
for positions that are identifiable as being (1) in the petitioner's industry, (2) parallel to the 
proffered position, and also (3) located in organizations that are similar to the petitioner. 
In determining whether there is such a common degree requirement , factors often considered by 
USCIS include : whether the Handbook reports that the industry requires a degree; whether the 
industry's professional association has made a degree a minimum entry requirement; and whether 
letters or affidavits from firms or individuals in the industry attest that such firms "routinely 
employ and recruit only degreed individuals ." See Shanti , Inc. v. Reno, 36 F. Supp. 2d 1151, 1165 
.(D . . Minn. 1999) (quoting Hird/Blaker Corp. v. Sava, 712 F. Supp. 1095, 1102 (S.D.N.Y. 1989)). 
As previously discussed, the petitioner has not established that its proffered position is one for 
which the Handbook (or other independent, authoritative source) reports a standard industry-wide 
requirement for at least a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent. Thus, we 
incorporate by reference the previous discussion on the matter. Also, there are no submissions 
from the industry's professional association indicating that it has made a degree a minimum entry 
requirement. 
On appeal, the petitioner provided letters from other start-up companies. For example, the letter 
from states that its system engineering contractor has a Bachelor's degree and is also 
currently seeking a software engineer which requires a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science or 
equivalent experiences. However, the petitioner has not provided additional information to 
establish that it is a similar organization or the duties of the above-mentioned employee and the 
advertised position is parallel to the proffered position. Moreover, the letter is not substantiated by 
documentary evidence. Therefore, the letters are not probative evidence to establish that the 
degree requirement is common to its industry in parallel positions among similar organizations. 
The petitioner also submitted copies of job advertisements in support of the assertion that the 
degree requirement is common to its industry in parallel positions among similar organizations . 
However, upon review of the documents, we find that the petitioner's reliance on the job 
announcements is misplaced. 
For the petitioner to establish that an organization is similar, it must demonstrate that the petitioner 
and the organization share the same general characteristics. Without such evidence, 
documentation submitted by a petitioner is generally outside the scope of consideration for this 
criterion, which encompasses only organizations that are similar to the petitioner. 
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When determining whether the petitioner and the advertising organization share the same general 
characteristics , such factors may include information regarding the nature or type of organization, 
and, when pertinent, the particular scope of operations , as well as the level of revenue and staffing 
(to list just a few elements that may be considered). It is not sufficient for the petitioner to claim 
that an organization is similar and in the same industry without providing a legitimate basis for 
such an assertion. 
In the Form 1-129, the petitiOner states that it is a women's fashion with two employees, 
established in The petitioner indicated that it is a start up with $1 0,000 gross annual 
income. The petitioner designated its business operations under the North American Industry 
Classification System (NAICS) code 315240, which is classified as "Women's, Girls', and Infants' 
Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing. "7 On appeal, the petitioner asserts that it is a technology 
web-based company first, and a fashion manufacturer second. 
We will briefly note that, without more, the job postings do not appear to be from organizations 
similar to the etitioner.8 More specifically, the advertisements include a position with 
which has more than 5,000 employees worldwide , and the global 
employing more than 13,000 people in 185 
locations around the world. The petitioner also provided advertisements that do not provide 
sufficient information regarding the employers. The petitioner did not supplement the record of 
proceeding with additional information or state which aspects or traits it shares with the 
advertising organizations. Without further information , the advertisements appear to be for 
organizations that are not similar to the petitioner. 
Further, the petitioner has not established that the advertisements are for parallel positions. For 
example, the position with requires "minimum of five (5) years of experience in architecting 
and implementing integration solutions," requires "7-10 years of experience architecting 
and developing successful solutions," requires "five or more years of relevant, hands-on 
experience," and requires "1 0+ years software engineering experience, 3+ in the 
financial services industry." As previously mentioned , the petitioner designated the proffered 
position on the LCA through the wage level as a Level I (entry level) position relative to others 
within the occupation. The advertised positions appear to be for more senior positions than the 
7 According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is 
used to classify business establishments according to type of economic activity and each establishment is 
classified to an industry according to the primary business activity taking place there. See 
http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/ (last visited July 6, 20 15). 
8 Moreover , the petitioner did not provide any independent evidence of how representative the job postings 
are of the particular advertising employers' recruiting history for the type of job advertised. As the 
advertisements are only solicitations for hire, they are not evidence of the actual hiring practices of these 
employers. 
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proffered positiOn. Moreover, the petitiOner did not indicate which pnmary duties of the 
advertised positions are parallel to the duties of the proffered position. 
In addition, some job postings do not indicate that a bachelor's degree in a directly related specific 
specialty is required. For example, requires a bachelor's degree, but does not indicate a 
specific specialty. Similarly, do not require a bachelor's 
degree in a specific specialty but indicate that a bachelor's degree in various fields such as 
Nursing, HR, Management, business, marketing or communication is sufficient. As discussed, the 
degree requirement set by the statutory and regulatory framework of the H-1 B program is not just 
a bachelor's or higher degree, but such a degree in a specific specialty that is directly related to the 
specialty occupation claimed in the petition. 
As the documentation does not establish that the petitioner has met this prong of the regulations, 
further analysis regarding the specific information contained in each of the job postings is not 
necessary. 9 That is, as the evidence does not establish that similar organizations in the same 
industry routinely require at least a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent, for 
parallel positions, not every deficit of every job posting has been addressed. 
The petitioner has not established that a requirement of a bachelor's or higher degree in a specific 
specialty, or its equivalent, is common to the petitioner's industry in positions that are (1) in the 
petitioner's industry, (2) parallel to the proffered position, and also (3) located in organizations that 
are similar to the petitioner. Thus, for the reasons discussed above, the petitioner has not satisfied 
the first alternative prong of 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(2). 
The particular position is so complex or unique that it can be performed only by 
an individual with a baccalaureate or higher degree in a 
specific specialty, or its equivalent 
We will next consider the second alternative prong of 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(2), which is 
satisfied if the petitioner shows that its particular position is so complex or unique that it can be 
9 Even if all of the job postings indicated that a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty , or its equivalent, is 
common to the industry in parallel positions among similar organizations (which they do not), the 
petitioner does not demonstrate what inferences, if any, can be drawn from these advertisements with 
regard to determining the common educational requirements for entry into parallel positions in similar 
organizations. See generally Earl Babbie, The Practice of Social Research 186-228 ( 1995) . 
As such, even if the job announcements supported the finding that the position required a bachelor's or 
higher degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent (for organizations in the same industry that are 
similar to the petitioner), it cannot be found that such a limited number of postings that appear to have been 
consciously selected outweigh the findings of the Handbook published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics 
that such a position does not normally require at least a baccalaureate degree in a specific specialty, or its 
equivalent, for entry into the occupation in the United States. 
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performed only by an individual with at least a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, or its 
equivalent. 
In support of its assertion that the proffered position qualifies as a specialty occupation, the 
petitioner submitted various documents, including business plan, promotional materials and media 
coverage regarding its business model. We reviewed the record in its entirety and find that while 
the documents provide some insight regarding the petitioner's business operations, the petitioner 
has not explained how the documents establish that its particular position is so complex or unique 
that it can only be performed by an individual with a baccalaureate or higher degree in a specific 
specialty, or its equivalent. 
This is further evidenced by the LCA submitted by the petitioner in support of the instant petition. 
The LCA indicates a wage level at a Level I (entry) wage, which is the lowest of four assignable 
wage levels. Without further evidence , the evidence does not demonstrate that the proffered 
position is complex or unique as such a position falling under this occupational category would 
likely be classified at a higher-level, such as a Level III (experienced) or Level IV (fully 
competent) position, requiring a significantly higher prevailing wage. 10 For example, a Level IV 
(fully competent) position is designated by DOL for employees who "use advanced skills and 
diversified knowledge to solve unusual and complex problems." 11 The evidence of record does 
not distinguish this particular position from other positions in the occupational category such that 
it refutes the Handbook's information that a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty or its 
equivalent is not required for the proffered position. 
Upon review, we find that the petitioner has not sufficiently developed relative complexity or 
uniqueness as an aspect of the proffered position. For instance, the petitioner did not submit 
information relevant to a detailed course of study leading to a specialty degree and did not 
establish how such a curriculum is necessary to perform the duties it may believe are so complex 
and unique. While a few related courses may be beneficial, or even required, in performing 
10 The issue here is that the petitioner's designation of this position as a Level I, entry-level position 
undermines its claim that the position is particularly complex , specialized , or unique compared to other 
positions within the same occupation. Nevertheless, it is important to note that a Level I wage-designation 
does not preclude a proffered position from classification as a specialty occupation. In certain occupations 
(doctors or lawyers , for example) , an entry-level position would still require a minimum of a bachelor's 
degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent , for entry. Similarly , however , a Level IV wage-designation 
would not reflect that an occupation qualifies as a specialty occupation if that higher-level position does not 
have an entry requirement of at least a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty or its equivalent. That is, a 
position's wage level designation may be a consideration but is not a substitute for a determination of 
whether a proffered position meets the requirements of section 214(i)( I) of the Act. 
11 For additional information regarding wage levels as defined by DOL , see U.S. Dep't of Labor , Emp't & 
Training Admin., Prevailing Wage Determination Policy Guidance, Nonagric. Immigration Programs (rev. 
Nov. 2009), available at http://www.foreignlaborcert.doleta.gov/pdf/NPWHC_Guidance_Revised_ll_ 
2009 .pdf 
(b)(6)
NON-PRECEDENTDECBION 
Page 14 
certain duties of the position, the petitioner has not demonstrated how an established curriculum of 
such courses leading to a baccalaureate or higher degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent, is 
required to perform the duties of the proffered position. The description of the duties does not 
specifically identify any tasks that are so complex or unique that only a specifically degreed 
individual could perform them. The record lacks sufficiently detailed information to distinguish 
the proffered position as more complex or unique from other positions that can be performed by 
persons without at least a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent. 
The petitioner claims that the beneficiary is well qualified for the position. However, the test to 
establish a position as a specialty occupation is not the education or experience of a proposed 
beneficiary, but whether the position itself requires at least a bachelor's degree in a specific 
specialty, or its equivalent. The petitioner did not establish that its particular position is so 
complex or unique that it can only be performed by an individual with at least a bachelor's degree 
in a specific specialty, or its equivalent, and has not satisfied the second alternative prong of 8 
C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(2). 
The employer normally requires a baccalaureate or higher degree in a 
specific specialty, or its equivalent, for the position 
The third criterion of 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) entails an employer demonstrating that it 
normally requires a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent , for the position. To 
this end, we review the petitioner's past recruiting and hiring practices, as well as information 
regarding employees who previously held the position, and any other documentation submitted by 
a petitioner in support of this criterion of the regulations. 
To merit approval of the petition under this criterion, the record must establish that a petitioner's 
imposition of a degree requirement is not merely a matter of preference for high-caliber candidates 
but is necessitated by performance requirements of the position. While a petitioner may assert that 
a proffered position requires a specific degree, that statement alone without corroborating 
evidence cannot establish the position as a specialty occupation. Were USCIS limited solely to 
reviewing a petitioner's claimed self-imposed requirements , then any individual with a bachelor's 
degree could be brought to the United States to perform any occupation as long as the petitioner 
artificially created a token degree requirement, whereby all individuals employed in a particular 
position possessed a baccalaureate or higher degree in the specific specialty, or its equivalent. See 
Defensor v. 
Meissner , 201 F.3d at 388. 
To satisfy this criterion, the evidence of record must show that the specific performance 
requirements of the position generated the recruiting and hiring history. users must examine the 
actual employment requirements, and, on the basis of that examination, determine whether the 
position qualifies as a specialty occupation . See generally Defensor v. Meissner, 201 F. 3d 384. 
In this pursuit, the critical element is not the title of the position, or the fact that an employer has 
routinely insisted on certain educational standards, but whether performance of the position 
actually requires the theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized 
(b)(6)
NON-PRECEDENT DECISION 
Page 15 
knowledge, and the attainment of a baccalaureate or higher degree in the specific specialty as the 
minimum for entry into the occupation as required by the Act. 
The petitioner stated in the Form I-129 that it has two employees and that it was established in 
On appeal, the petitioner provided an organization chart and claimed that it now has 11 
employees. However , the petitioner did not submit evidence of educational credentials for the 
employees such as copies of diplomas. Further, the petitioner did not provide job duties of the 
employee to establish that the positions are similar or parallel to the proffered position. Therefore, 
the petitioner has not established a prior history of recruiting and hiring for the proffered position 
only persons with at least a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent, and has not 
satisfied the third criterion of8 C.P.R.§ 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A). 
The nature of the specific duties is so specialized and complex that knowledge 
required to perform the duties is usually associated with the attainment of a 
baccalaureate or higher degree in a specffic specialty, or its equivalent 
The fourth criterion at 8 C.P.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) requires a petitioner to establish that the 
nature of the specific duties is so specialized and complex that the knowledge required to perform 
them is usually associated with the attainment of a baccalaureate or higher degree in a specific 
specialty, or its equivalent. 
The petitioner claims that the nature of the duties of the proffered position is so specialized and 
complex that the knowledge required to perform them is usually associated with the attainment of 
a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty , or its equivalent. We reviewed the petitioner's 
statements regarding the proffered position and its business operations. However, relative 
specialization and complexity have not been sufficiently developed by the petitioner as an aspect 
of the proffered position. That is, the proposed duties have not been described with sufficient 
specificity to establish that they are more specialized and complex than positions that are not 
usually associated with at least a bachelor's degree in a specific specialty, or its equivalent. 
We reiterate our earlier discussion regarding the petitioner's designation of the proffered position 
in the LCA as a Level I position (the lowest of four assignable wage-levels) relative to others 
within the occupational category. Without more, the position is one not likely distinguishable by 
relatively specialized and complex duties. That is, without further evidence, the petitioner's has 
not demonstrated that its proffered position is one with specialized and complex duties as such a 
position would likely be classified at a higher-level, such as a Level III (exrerienced) or Level IV 
(fully competent) position, requiring a substantially higher prevailing wage. 2 
12 As previously discussed , a Level IV (fully competent) position is designated by DOL for employees who 
"use advanced skills and diversified knowledge to solve unusual and complex problems" and requires a 
significantly higher wage. 
(b)(6)
NON-PRECEDENT DECISION 
Page 16 
Although the petitioner asserts that the nature ofthe specific duties is specialized and complex, the 
record lacks sufficient evidence to support this claim. Thus, the petitioner has not satisfied the 
criterion ofthe regulations at 8 C.P.R.§ 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(4). 
For the reasons related in the preceding discussion, the petitioner has not established that it has 
satisfied any of the criteria at 8 C.P.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) and, therefore, it cannot be found that 
the proffered position qualifies as a specialty occupation. The appeal will be dismissed. 
III. CONCLUSION AND ORDER 
In visa petition proceedings, it is the petitioner's burden to establish eligibility for the immigration 
benefit sought. Section 291 ofthe Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1361; Matter o.fOtiende, 26 I&N Dec. 127, 128 
13 . 
(BIA 20 13). Here, that burden has not been met. 
ORDER: The appeal is dismissed. The petition is denied. 
13 As the grounds discussed above are dispositive of the petitioner's eligibility for the benefit sought in this 
matter , we will not address additional issues and deficiencies that we observe in the record of proceeding.