dismissed H-1B Case: Information Technology

.
U.S. Citizenship 
and Immigration 
Services 
MATTER OF A-T-, INC 
APPEAL OF VERMONT SERVICE CENTER DECISION 
Non-Precedent Decision of the 
Administrative Appeals Office 
DATE: APR. 19,2017 
PETITION: FORM I-129, PETITION FOR A NONIMMIGRANT WORKER 
The Petitioner, a 64-employee information technology outsourcing and professional services 
company, seeks to temporarily employ the Beneficiary as an "Oracle database administrator" under 
the H-1 B nonimmigrant classification for specialty occupations. See Immigration and Nationality 
Act (the Act) section 101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b), 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b). The H-1B program 
allows a U.S. employer to temporarily employ a qualified foreign worker in a position that requires 
both (a) the theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized knowledge and (b) 
the attainment of a bachelor's or higher degree in the specific specialty (or its equivalent) as a 
minimum prerequisite for entry into the position. 
The Director of the Vermont Service Center denied the petition, concluding that the Petitioner did 
not establish that it has an employer-employee relationship with the Beneticiary.
1 
In its appeal, the Petitioner submits additional evidence and asserts that the Director erred in denying 
the petition. 
Upon de novo review, we will dismiss the appeal. 
I. PROFFERED POSITION 
The Petitioner stated .that it provides "a wide spectrum of IT solutions and services" in "onsite, 
offsite and offshore delivery modes." In support of the petition, the Petitioner indicated that the 
Beneficiary would provide services to at this end-client's location in Texas, 
pursuant to a contract it has in place with a mid-vendor In 
response to the Director's request for evidence (RFE), the Petitioner stated that the Beneficiary 
would be 
providing services to a different end-client, m Texas. Again, it indicated 
that these services would be provided through the mid-vendor The Petitioner described the 
Beneficiary's duties as follows: 
1 
The Petitioner filed an appeal, which we summarily dismissed after determining that the Petitioner did not submit a 
brief or statement indicating basis for the appeal. We have since received a copy of the Petitioner's timely filed brief and 
reinstated the appeal in order to consider its merits. 
Matter of A-T-, Inc 
• Experience in configuring and managing Oracle Real Application Cluster (RAC) 
with ASM, Data Guard for Oracle High Availability. 
• Implemented Data Guard (Physical standby) on 11 g RAC with high availability 
and performance configurations. 
• Performing switchover of database from primary to standby and standby to 
pnmary. 
• Applied grid infrastructure PSU including database PSU to upgrade grid and 
database home to latest version using OPatch utility. 
• day to day activities like resolving Service Tickets for multiple environments, 
providing Support and coordination to application team to gather stats, explain 
plan for performance issues like long wait events, blocking session. 
• Monitoring the performance of database by doing general health checks and 
maintenance of database by taking A WR and ADDM reports. 
• Experience in performing backup, restore and recovery operations using RMAN. 
• Experience in Dynamic SQL scripting, Compiling invalid objects manually or 
using tools, rebuilding Indexes, Scheduling jobs using DBMS scheduler. 
• Managing RAC databases on multiple servers. 
The Petitioner stated in response to the RFE that the position requires a "baccalaureate degree in 
electrical and electronic engineering, electronics and communication engineering, information 
system or related field." 
II. EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP 
We will first address whether the evidence of record establishes that the Petitioner will be a "United 
States employer" having "an employer-employee relationship with respect to employees under this 
part, as indicated by the fact that it may hire, pay, fire, supervise, or otherwise control the work of 
any such employee." 8 C.P.R.§ 214.2(h)(4)(ii). 
A. Legal Framework 
Section 101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b) of the Act defines an H-lB nonimmigrant, m pertinent part, as an 
individual: 
[S]ubject to section 212(j)(2), who is coming temporarily to the United States to 
perform services ... in a specialty occupation described in section 214(i)(l) ... , who 
meets the requirements for the occupation specified in section 214(i)(2) ... , and with 
respect to whom the Secretary of Labor determines and certifies to the [Secretary of 
Homeland Security] that the intending employer has filed with the Secretary [of 
Labor] an application under section 212(n)(l) .... 
The term "United States employer" is defined in the Code of Federal Regulations at 8 C.F.R. 
§ 214.2(h)( 4)(ii) as follows: 
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Matter of A-T-, Inc 
United States employer means a person, firm, corporation, contractor. or other 
association, or organization in the United States which: 
(1) Engages a person to work within the United States; 
(2) Has an employer-employee relationship with respect to employees 
under this part, as indicated by the fact that it may hire. pay, .fire. 
supervise, or otherwise control the work o{any such employee; and 
(3) Has an Internal Revenue Service Tax identification number. 
(Emphasis added); see Temporary Alien Workers Seeking Classification Under the Immigration and 
Nationality Act 56 Fed. Reg. 61 ,Ill, 61,121 (Dec. 2, 1991) (to be codified at 8 C.F.R. pt. 214). 
Although "United States employer" is defined in the regulations at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)( 4)(ii), it is noted 
that the terms "employee" and "employer-employee relationship" are not defined for purposes of the H­
I B visa classification. Section 101 (a)( 15)(H)(i)(b) of the Act indicates that an individual coming to the 
United States to perform services in a specialty occupation will have an "intending employer" who will 
file a Labor Condition Application with the Secretary of Labor pursuant to section 212(n)(1) of the Act, 
8 U.S.C. § 1182(n)(l ). The intending employer is described as otiering full-time or part-time 
"employment" to the H-IB "employee." Subsections 212(n)(l)(A)(i) and 212(n)(2)(C)(vii) ofthe Act, 
8 U.S.C. § 1182(n)(l )(A)(i), (2)(C)(vii). Further, the regulations indicate that "United States 
employers" must file a Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker, in order to classify individuals 
as H-lB temporary "employees." 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(l), (2)(i)(A). Finally, the definition of"United 
States employer" indicates in its second prong that the Petitioner must have an "employer-employee 
relationship" with the "employees under this part," i.e., the H-1 B beneficiary, and that this relationship 
be evidenced by the employer's ability to "hire, pay, tire, supervise, or otherwise control the work of 
any such employee." 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(ii) (defining the term "United States employer"). 
Neither the former Immigration and Naturalization Service nor U.S. Citizenship and Immigration 
Services (USCIS) defined the terms "employee" or "employer-employee relationship" by regulation for 
purposes of the H-1 B visa classification,. even though the regulation describes H-1 B beneficiaries as 
being "employees" who must have an "employer-employee relationship" with a "United States 
employer." !d. Therefore, for purposes ofthe H-lB visa classification, these tem1s are undefined. 
The United States Supreme Court has detennined that where federal law fails to clearly define the tetm 
"employee," courts should conclude that the term was "intended to describe the conventional master­
servant relationship as understood by common-law agency doctrine." Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. 
Darden, 503 U.S. 318, 322-23 (1992) (quoting Cmty. for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid, 490 U.S. 730 
(1989)). The Supreme Court stated: 
"In determining whether a hired party is an employee under the general common law of 
agency, we consider the hiring party's right to control the manner and means by which 
3 
Matter of A-T-, Inc 
the product is accomplished. Among the other factors relevant to this inquiry are the 
skill required; the source of the instrumentalities and tools; the location of the work; the 
duration of the relationship between the parties; whether the hiring party has the right to 
assign additional projects to the hired party; the extent of the hired party's discretion 
over when and how long to work; the method of payment; the hired party's role in hiring 
and paying assistants; whether the work is part of the regular business of the hiring 
party; whether the hiring party is in business; the provision of employee benefits; and 
the tax treatment of the hired party." 
ld.; see also Clackamas Gastroenterology Assocs .. P.C. v. Wells, 538 U.S. 440, 445 (2003) (quoting 
Darden, 503 U.S. at 323) . As the common-law test contains "no shorthand fmmula or magic phrase 
that can be applied to find the answer, ... all of the incidents of the relationship must be assessed and 
weighed with no one factor being decisive." Darden, 503 U.S. at 324 (quoting NLRB v. United Ins. Co. 
ofAm., 390 U.S. 254, 258 (1968)). 
In this matter, the Act does not exhibit a legislative intent to extend the definition of "employer" in 
section 10l(a)(l5)(H)(i)(b) of the Act, "employment" in section 212(n)(l)(A)(i) of the Act, or 
"employee" in section 212(n)(2)(C)(vii) of the Act beyond the traditional common law definitions. See 
generally 136 Cong. Rec. Sl7106 (daily ed. Oct. 26, 1990); 136 Cong. Rec. Hl2358 (daily ed. Oct. 27, 
1990). On the contrary, in the context of the H-1 B visa classification, the regulations define the term· 
"United States employer" to be even more restrictive than the common law agency definition. 2 
Specifically, the regulatory definition of "United States employer" requires H-1 B employers to have a 
tax identification number, to engage a person to work within the United States, and to have an 
"employer-employee relationship" with the H-1 B "employee." 8 C.F .R. § 214.2(h)( 4 )(ii). 
Accordingly, the term "United States employer" not only requires H-1 B employers and employees to 
have an "employer-employee relationship" as understood by common-law agency doctrine, it imposes 
additional requirements of having a tax identification number and to employ persons in the United 
States. The lack of an express expansion of the definition regarding the terms "employee" or 
"employer-employee relationship" combined with the agency's otherwise generally circular definition 
2 While the Darden court considered only the definition of"employee'' under the Employee Retirement Income Security 
Act of 1974 (ERISA), 29 U.S.C. § I 002(6), and did not addres~ the definition of "employer," courts have generally 
refused to extend the common law agency definition to ERISA's use of employer because ''the definition of 'employer· 
in ERISA, unlike the definition of 'employee,' clearly indicates legislative intent to extend the definition beyond the 
traditional common law definition." See, e.g., Bowers v. Andrew Weir Shipping. Ltd., 810 F. Supp. 522 (S.D.N.Y. 
1992). 
However, in this matter, the Act does not exhibit a legislative intent to extend the definition of "employer" in section 
I 0 I (a)(l5)(H)(i)(b) of the Act, "employment" in section 212(n)( 1 )(A)(i) of the Act, or "em'ployee" in section 
212(n)(2)(C)(vii) of the Act beyond the traditional common law definitions. Instead, in the context of the H-1 B visa 
classification, the term "United States employer" was defined in the regulations to be even more restrictive than the 
common law agency definition. A federal agency's interpretation of a statute whose administration is entrusted to it is to 
be accepted unless Congress has spoken directly on the issue. See Chevron. U.S.A .. Inc. v. Natural Res. Def Council, 
Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 844-45 (1984). 
4 
Matter of A-T-, Inc 
of United States employer in 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)( 4 )(ii) indicates that the regulations do not intend to 
extend the definition beyond "the traditional common law definition" or, more importantly, that 
construing these terms in this manner would thwart congressional design or lead to absurd results. Cl 
Darden, 503 U.S. at 318-19.3 
Accordingly, in the absence of an express congressional intent to impose broader definitions, both the 
"conventional master-servant relationship as understood by common-law agency doctrine" and the 
Darden construction test apply to the terms "employee" and "employer-employee relationship" as used 
in section 101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b) ofthe Act, section 212(n) ofthe Act, and 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h).4 
Therefore, in considering whether or not one will be an "employee'' in an "employer-employee 
relationship" with a "United States employer" for purposes of H-1 B nonimmigrant petitions, we must 
focus on the common-law touchstone of "control." Clackamas, 538 U.S. at 450; see also 8 C.F.R. 
§ 214.2(h)(4)(ii) (defining a "United States employer" as one who "has an employer-employee 
relationship with respect to employees under this part, as indicated by the fact that it may hire, pay, tire, 
supervise, or otherwise control the work of any such employee· .... " (emphasis added)). 
The factors indicating that a worker is or will be an "employee" of an "employer" are clearly delineated 
in both the Darden and Clackamas decisions. Darden, 503 U.S. at 323-24; Clackamas, 538 U.S. at 
445; see also Restatement (Second) q{Agency § 220(2) (1958). Such indicia of control include when, 
where, and how a workyr performs the job; the continuity of the worker's relationship with the 
employer; the tax treatment of the worker; the provision of employee benefits; and whether the work 
performed by the worker is part of the employer's regular business. See Clackamas, 538 U.S. at 445; 
see also EEOC Compl. Man. at § 2-III(A)(l) (adopting a materially identical test and indicating that 
said test was based on the Darden decision); Defensor v. Meissner, 201 F.3d 384, 388 (5th Cir. 2000) 
(determining that hospitals, as the recipients ofbeneficiaries' services, are the "true employers" ofH-lB 
nurses under 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h), even though a medical contract service agency is the petitioner, 
because the hospitals ultimately hire, pay, fire, supervise, or otherwise control the work of the 
beneficiaries). 
It is important to note, however, that the factors listed in Darden and Clackamas are not exhaustive and 
must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Other aspects of the relationship between the parties 
relevant to control may affect the determination of whether an employer-employee relationship exists. 
Furthermore, not all or even a majority of the listed criteria need be met; however, the fact tinder must 
3 To the extent the regulations are ambiguous with regard to the terms "employee" or "employer-employee relationship," 
the agency's interpretation of these terms should be found to be controlling unless ""plainly erroneous or inconsistent 
with the regulation.'" Auer v. Robbins, 519 U.S. 452, 461 ( 1997) (citing Robertson v. Methow Valley Citi::ens Council, 
490 U.S. 332, 359 ( 1989)( quoting Bowles v. Seminole Rock & Sand Co., 325 U.S. 410, 414 ( 1945)). . 
4 
That said, there are instances in the Act where Congress may have intended a broader application of the term 
"employer" than what is encompassed in the conventional master-servant relationship. See, e.g, section 214( c )(2)(F) of 
the Act, 8 U.S.C. § I 1"84(c)(2)(F) (referring to "unaffiliated employers" supervising and controlling L-1 B intracompany 
transferees having specialized knowledge); section 274A of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1324a (referring to the employment of 
unauthorized individuals). 
5 
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Matter of A-T-, Inc 
weigh and compare a combination of the factors in analyzing the facts of each individual case. The 
determination must be based on all of the circumstances in the relationship between the parties, 
regardless of whether the parties refer to it as an employee or as an independent contractor relationship. 
See Clackamas, 538 U.S. at 448-49; EEOC Compl. Man. at§ 2-III(A)(l ). 
Furthermore, when examining the factors relevant to detem1ining control, we must assess and weigh 
each actual factor itself as it exists or will exist and not the claimed employer's right to inf1uence or 
change that factor, unless specifically provided for by the common-law test. See Darden, 503 U.S. at 
323-24. For example, while the assignment of additional projects is dependent on who has the right to 
assign them, it is the actual source of the instrumentalities and tools that must be examined, and not 
who has the right to provide the tools required to complete an assigned project. See id. at 323. 
Lastly, the "mere existence of a document styled 'employment agreement'" shall not lead inexorably to 
the conclusion that the worker is an employee. Clackamas, 538 U.S. at 450. "Rather, ... the answer to 
whether [an individual] is an employee depends on 'all of the incidents of the relationship ... with no 
one factor being decisive."' I d. at 451 (quoting Darden, 503 U.S. at 324 ). 
B. Analysis 
As a preliminary matter, the Petitioner has not established the Beneficiary's employment for the entire 
requested period. On the Form I-129, the Petitioner requested that the Beneficiary be granted H-lB 
classification from October 1, 2016, to August 31,2019. However, the Petitioner has not submitted 
supporting documentation to substantiate that the Beneficiary would be engaged at the ·end-client 
location during the entire period of the requested visa. The Petitioner has provided conflicting 
evidence relevant to the length of the Beneficiary's proposed assignment. For instance, the 
Petitioner submitted a letter from the mid-vendor with the petition, stating that the 
Beneficiary's project "is expected to be long term and has an opportunity for an extension subject to 
continuing business necessity." In contrast, another letter from provided in response to the 
RFE, indicated that the "project is expected to last through 12112118 and has the opportunity for 
extension subject to continuing business necessity." Meanwhile, an employment letter from the 
Petitioner to the Beneficiary reflected that his employment would be for the entire requested validity 
period, while a letter from the asserted end-client makes no mention of the period of 
employment. The Petitioner otherwise submits no contractual documentation such as work or 
purchase orders or a statement of work from the stated end-clients substantiating that the Beneficiary 
would be engaged for the entire validity period. The Petitioner has not resolved these 
inconsistencies with independent, objective evidence pointing to where the truth lies. Matter of' Ho, 
19 I&N Dec. 582,591-92 (BIA 1988). 
We find that the Petitioner has not established non-speculative work for the Beneficiary at the time of 
the petition's filing for the entire period requested. USCIS regulations affirmatively require a 
petitioner to establish eligibility for the benefit it is seeking at the time the petition is filed. See 
8 C.F.R. 1 03.2(b )(1 ). A visa petition may not be approved based on speculation of future eligibility 
or after the Petitioner or Beneficiary becomes eligible under a new set of facts. See Matter of' 
6 
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Matter of A-T-, Inc 
Michelin Tire Corp., 17 I&N Dec. 248 (Reg'l Comm'r 1978). Thus, even if it were found that the 
Petitioner would be the Beneficiary's United States employer as that term is defined at 8 C.F.R. 
§ 214.2(h)(4)(ii), the Petitioner has not demonstrated that it would maintain such an employer­
employee relationship for the duration of the period requested. 5 
Furthermore, applying the Darden and Clackamas tests to this matter, we find that the evidence of 
record does not sufficiently establish that the Petitioner will be a "United States employer" having an 
"employer-employee relationship" with the Beneficiary as an H -1 B temporary "employee." 
Specifically, we find that the record of proceedings does not contain sufficient, consistent, and 
credible documentation substantiating and describing who exercises control over the Beneficiary. 
In response to the RFE and on appeal, the Petitioner states that the Beneficiary will work for the end­
client, at its work-site in Texas. The Petitioner asserts that it will maintain an 
employer-employee relationship with the Beneficiary; however, the Petitioner has submitted little 
supporting documentation to corroborate that it will have control. over the Beneficiary while 
assigned to the end-client location. 
First, it is noteworthy that the Petitioner has provided no direct evidence to substantiate that the 
Beneficiary would be under the supervision and control of the Petitioner. In fact, the evidence 
provided indicates that the Beneficiary would be primarily under the direction of the end-client 
during his assignment. For instance, the Petitioner asserts that the Beneficiary will be supervised 
daily by its vice president A submitted organizational chart reflects that the 
Beneficiary will report to "VP~Consulting" and ' "Account 
Mgmt/BDM" along with 28 developers, 
architects, administrators, analysts, engineers, and other 
Petitioner employees. The Petitioner does not explain in detail or document how would 
5 The agency made clear long ago that speculative employment is not permitted in the H-I B program. For example, a 
I 998 proposed rule documented this position as follows: 
Historically, the Service has not granted H-1 B classification on the basis of speculative, or 
undetermined, prospective employment. The H-1 B classification is not intended as a vehicle for an 
alien to engage in a job search within the United States, or for employers to bring in temporary foreign 
workers to meet possible workforce needs arising from potential business expansions or the 
expectation of potential new customers or contracts. To determine whether an alien is properly 
classifiable as an H-1 B nonimmigrant under the statute, the Service must first examine the duties of the 
position to be occupied to ascertain whether the duties of the position require the attainment of a 
. specific bachelor's degree. See section 214(i) ofthe Immigration and Nationality Act (the "Act"). The 
Service must then determine whether the alien has the appropriate degree for the occupation. In the 
case of speculative employment, the Service is unable to perform either part of this two-prong analysis 
and, therefore, is unable to adjudicate properly a request for H-1 B classitication. Moreover, there is no 
assurance that the alien will engage in a specialty occupation upon arrival in this country. 
Petitioning Requirements for the H Nonimmigrant Classification, 63 Fed. Reg. 30,419, 30,4 I 9-20 (proposed June 4, 
1998) (to be codified at 8 C.F.R. pt. 214 ). While a petitioner is certainly permitted to change its intent with regard to 
non-speculative employment, e.g., a change in duties or job location, it must nonetheless document such a material 
change in intent through an amended or new petition in accordance with 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(2)(i)(E). 
7 
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Matter of A-T-, Inc 
provide daily supervision and work assignments to 29 information technology professionals assigned 
to client locations. Absent supporting evidence, the Petitioner has not substantiated that the 
Beneficiary is likely to be supervised on a daily basis by employees of the Petitioner. The Petitioner 
states that it is "solely" responsible for supervising the Beneficiary at the client location and that it 
will provide all the tools and instrumentalities necessary for the work. However, the Petitioner does 
not indicate how, when, and in what form this supervision will take place nor the tools or 
instrumentalities it will provide. The Petitioner must support its assertions with relevant, probative, 
and 
credible evidence. See Matter o.fChawathe, 25 I&N Dec. 369, 376 (AAO 2010). 
The Petitioner provides other conflicting evidence leaving question as to whether it actually controls 
the Beneficiary's work on a daily basis. First, despite asserting that it will retain "sole" control over 
the Beneficiary, the Petitioner states elsewhere on the record that it only retains the "right" to 
oversee and reassign the Beneficiary. An employment agreement between the Petitioner and the 
Beneficiary states in section 10 that the Beneficiary agrees to provide "periodic written reports 
relating to [the Beneficiary's] performance" and notes that the Beneficiary agrees to permit the 
Petitioner "to appraise the performance of [the Beneficiary]." Further, section 11 of this agreement 
indicates that the Beneficiary is required to submit "progress reports and/or timesheets," otherwise 
the Petitioner "cannot reliably verify whether Employee actually worked during the applicable time 
period." As such, the employment agreement suggests that the Petitioner will not be aware of the 
Beneficiary's day-to-day activities or provide direct supervision when he is assigned to the client 
location. 
In addition, the Petitioner submitted a Master Relationship Agreement (MRA) between it and 
All egis through which services are provided to In Section 7.11, the MRA stated that 
would submit requests for "personnel" to and indicates that the personnel selections would 
be made by and Schedule A of the agreement reflects that manages a system 
through which requests personnel and that the Petitioner has access to review and submit 
personnel to fill these positions, including resumes, qualifications, and rates for approval by 
Further, schedule A, section 2 of the agreement, indicates that may cancel these personnel 
assignments at its discretion, hire these personnel, and restrict their reassignment from projects. 
This is in contrast to the Petitioner's contention that it retains sole control over its employees and 
their reassignment. In sum, the provided agreements suggest that would likely have primary 
supervision and control over the Beneficiary while assigned to the asserted end-clients and 
and the Petitioner provides little evidence, such as contacts, statements of work, work 
orders, or other such evidence from the end-clients to refute this evidence. As such, the evidence 
strongly suggests that the Beneficiary acts largely autonomous from the Petitioner, reacting to client 
requests as they arise, and in essence, under the direction of the end-clients. 
Although it appears that the Beneficiary will be paid and that his benefits will be administered by the 
Petitioner, the preponderance of the evidence indicates that the Beneficiary will primarily be under 
the direction of the end-clients and that he will only occasionally check in with the Petitioner as to 
his progress. While payroll, tax withholdings, and other employment benefits are relevant factors in 
determining who will control the Beneficiary, other aspects of the relationship, e.g., who will 
Matter of A-T-, Inc 
oversee and direct the work of the Beneficiary, who will provide the instrumentalities and tools, 
where will the work be located, and who has the right or ability to affect the projects to which the 
Beneficiary is assigned, must also be assessed and weighed in order to make a determination as to 
who will be the Beneficiary's employer. Here, we find that the preponderance of the evidence 
demonstrates that the Beneficiary will be primarily under the control of the end-client and not the 
Petitioner. 
Based on the above, the Petitioner has not established that it qualifies as a "United States employer" 
as defined at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(ii). The Director's decision must be affirmed and the petition 
denied on this basis. 
III. SPECIALTY OCCUPATION 
Beyond the decision of Director, the Petitioner has also not demonstrated by a preponderance of the 
evidence that the Petitioner will employ the Beneficiary in a specialty occupation position. 
A. Legal Framework 
Section 214(i)(l) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1184(i)(l), defines the term "specialty occupation" as an 
occupation that requires: 
(A) theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized 
knowledge, and 
(B) attainment of a bachelor's or higher degree in the specific specialty (or its 
equivalent) as a minimum for entry into the occupation in the United States. 
The regulation at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(ii) largely restates this statutory definition, but adds a non­
exhaustive list of fields of endeavor. In addition, the regulations provide that the proffered position 
must meet one of the following criteria to qualify as a specialty occupation: 
(I) A baccalaureate or higher degree or its equivalent is normally the minimum 
requirement for entry into the particular position; 
(2) The degree requirement is common to the industry in parallel positions among 
similar organizations or, in the alternative, an employer may show that its 
particular position is so complex or unique that it can be performed only by an 
individual with a degree; 
(3) The employer normally requires a degree or its equivalent for the position; or 
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Matter of A-T-, Inc 
( 4) The nature of the specific duties [is] so specialized and complex that 
knowledge required to perform the duties is usually associated with the 
attainment of a baccalaureate or higher degree. 
8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A). We have consistently interpreted the term "degree" in the criteria at 
8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) to mean not just any baccalaureate or higher degree, but one in a 
specific specialty that is directly related to the proposed position. See Royal Siam Corp. v. Cherto.ff, 
484 F.3d 139, 147 (1st Cir. 2007) (describing "a degree requirement in a specific specialty" as "one 
that relates directly to the duties and responsibilities of a particular position"); Defensor, 201 F .3d at 
387. 
B. Analysis 
We determine that the evidence is insufficient to establish that the proffered position qualifies for 
classification as a specialty occupation. 
The record of proceeding is absent sufficient information from the asserted end-client regarding the 
specific job duties to be performed by the Beneficiary for that company. The end-client letter from 
makes no mention of the Beneficiary's job duties and does not convey the substantive 
nature of the proffered position and its duties. In fact, the Petitioner has made conflicting statements 
on the record as to who the end-client is, providing a client letter from in response to the 
RFE, but statements 
and an agreement from indicating that they would be the actual end-client. 
As recognized in Defensor, it is necessary for the end-client to provide sufficient information 
regarding the proposed job duties to be performed at its location(s), as well as any hiring 
requirements that it may have specified, in order to properly ascertain the minimum educational 
requirements necessary to perform those duties. Defensor, 201 F.3d at 387-88. In other words, as 
the nurses in that case would provide services to the end-client hospitals and not to the petitioning 
staffing company, the petitioner-provided job duties and alleged requirements to perform those 
duties were irrelevant to a specialty occupation determination. See id. The record is insufficient to 
establish that the Beneficiary would be performing services for the type of position for which the 
petition was filed, in this matter, a database administrator position. Accordingly, the record is 
insufficient to establish that the duties of the proffered position comprise the duties of a specialty 
occupation. 
The Petitioner did submit a letter, and a letter from the mid-vendor explaining the position's 
duties. However, these duties are vague and do not sufficiently explain the Beneficiary's daily 
assignments. For example, the letters state that the Beneficiary will "implement Dataguard on 11 g 
RAC," perform "health checks and maintenance of database by taking A WR and ADDM reports," 
and "perform backup, restore and recovery operations using RMAN," but the specifics of these tasks 
and the nature of this work is not communicated. The Petitioner did riot provide a more detailed 
description explaining what particular duties the Beneficiary will perform on a day-to-day basis, nor 
is there a detailed explanation regarding the demands, level of responsibilities, complexity, or 
requirements necessary for the performance of these duties (e.g., what "Dataguard," "RAC," 
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Matter of A-T-, Inc 
"A WR," "ADDM," or "RMAN" are and what body of knowledge is required to perform the duties). 
As noted, the end-client letter makes no reference to the specifics of the project. Further, it is also 
noteworthy that the Petitioner has provided little detail as to the nature of the project with 
and evidence elsewhere on the record appears to indicate that the.primary client is in fact The 
Petitioner submits no work orders, purchase orders, statements of work, or other such documentation 
from or explaining of substantiating the nature of the Beneficiary's assignment. 
Again , the Petitioner must support its assertions with relevant , probative , and credible evidence. See 
Chawathe, 25 I&N Dec. at 376. 
Overall, the evidence of record is insufficient to establish the substantive nature of the work to be 
performed by the Beneficiary. We are therefore precluded from finding that the proffered position 
satisfies any criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A), because it is the substantive nature of that 
work that determines (1) the normal minimum educational requirement for entry into the particular 
position, which is the focus of criterion 1; (2) industry pQsitions which are parallel to the proffered 
position and thus appropriate for review for a common degree requirement , under the first alternate 
prong of criterion 2; (3) the level of complexity or uniqueness of the proffered position, which is the 
focus of the second alternate prong of criterion 2; (4) the factual justificatiQn for a petitioner 
normally requiring a degree, or its equivalent , when that is an issue under criterion 3; and (5) the 
degree of specialization and complexity of the specific duties, which is the focus of criterion 4. 
As the Petitioner has not established that it has satisfied any of the criteria at 8 C.F.R. 
§ 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A), it cannot be found that the proffered position qualifies for classification as a 
specialty occupation. The petition must be denied on this additional basis . 
IV. CONCLUSION 
The record does not establish that, more likely than not, the Petitioner will have an 
employer-employee relationship with the Beneticiary, and the proffered position is a specialty 
occupation 
ORDER: The appeal is dismissed. 
Cite as Matter of A-T- , Inc, ID# 437728 (AAO Apr. 19, 2017) 
II