dismissed O-1B Case: Ballroom Dance

(b)(6)
DATE: JUN 1 9 2014 Office: CALIFORNIA SERVICE CENTER 
INRE: Petitioner: 
Beneficiary: 
U.S. Department of Homeland Security 
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Servic e~ 
Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) 
20 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., MS 2090 
Washin!!ton. DC 20529-2090 
U.S. Citizenship 
and Immigration 
Services 
FILE 
PETITION : Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker Pursuant to Section 101(a)(15)(0)(i) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act , 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15)(0)(i) 
ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER: 
PROSE 
INSTRUCTIONS: 
Enclosed please find the decision of the Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) in your case. 
This is a non-precedent decision. The AAO does not announce new constructions of law nor establish 
agency policy through non-precedent decisions. If you believe the AAO incorrectly applied current law or 
policy to your case or if you seek to present new facts for consideration, you may file a motion to reconsider 
or a motion to reopen, respectively. Any motion must be filed on a Notice of Appe al or Motion (Form 
I-290B) within 33 days of the date of this decision. Please review the Form I-290B instructions at 
http://www.uscis.gov/forms for the latest information on fee, filing location, and other requirements. 
See also 8 C.F.R. § 103.5 . Do not file a motion directly with the AAO. 
T 
Ron Rosenberg 
Chief, Administrative Appeals Office 
www.uscis.gov 
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rage L 
DISCUSSION: The California Service Center Director denied the nonimmigrant visa petition, and the matter 
is now before the Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) on appeal. The appeal will be dismissed . 
The petitioner, a dance studio, filed this petition seeking to classify the beneficiary as an 0-lB 
nonimmigrant pursuant to section 101(a)(15)(0)(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (the Act), 8 
U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(0)(i) , as an alien of extraordinary ability in the arts. The petitioner seeks to employ the 
beneficiary in the position of "ballroom dance professional" for a period of three years. 
The director denied the petition, finding that the petitioner failed to establish that the beneficiary qualifies 
for classification as an alien of extraordinary ability in the arts. 
The petitioner subsequently filed an appeal. The director declined to treat the appeal as a motion and forwarded 
the appeal to the AAO. On appeal, the petitioner asserts that the beneficiary is eligible for the classification 
sought. The petitioner submits a brief and additional evidence in support of the appeal. 
For the reasons discussed below, the AAO will dismiss the appeal. 
I. TheLaw 
Section 101(a)(15)(0)(i) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15)(0)(i), provides for the classification of a 
qualified alien who: 
has extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics which has 
been demonstrated by sustained national or international acclaim . . . and whose 
achievements have been recognized in the field through extensive documentation , and 
seeks to enter the United States to continue work in the area of extraordinary ability .. .. 
The regulation at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(ii) defines, in pertinent part: 
Arts includes any field of creative activity or endeavor such as, but not limited to, fine arts, 
visual arts, culinary arts, and performing arts. 
Extraordinary ability in the field of arts means distinction. Distinction means a high level of 
achievement in the arts evidenced by a degree of skill and recognition substantially above that 
ordinarily encountered to the extent that a person described as prominent is renowned, leading, 
or well-known in the field of arts. 
The regulation at 8 C.P.R. § 214.2( o )(3)(iv) states, in pertinent part: 
Evidentiary criteria for an 0-1 alien of extraordinary ability in the arts. To qualify as an alien 
of extraordinary ability in the field of arts, the alien must be recognized as being prominent in 
his or her field of endeavor as demonstrated by the following: 
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(A) Evidence that the alien has been nominated for, or the recipient of, significant national 
or international awards or prizes in the particular field such as an Academy Award, an 
Emmy, a Grammy, or a Director's Guild Award; or 
(B) At least three of the following forms of documentation : 
(1) Evidence that the alien has performed, and will perform, services as a lead or 
starring participant in productions or events which have a distinguished 
reputation as evidenced by critical reviews, advertisements, publicity releases, 
publications, contracts, or endorsements; 
(2) Evidence that the alien has achieved national or international recognition for 
achievements evidenced by critical reviews or other published materials by or 
about the individual in major newspapers, trade journals, magazines, or other 
publications; 
(3) Evidence that the alien has performed, and will perform, in a lead, starring, or 
critical role for organizations and establishments that have a distinguished 
reputation evidenced by articles in newspapers, trade journals, publications, 
or testimonials; 
(4) Evidence that the alien has a record of major commercial or critically 
acclaimed successes as evidenced by such indicators as title, rating, standing 
in the field, box office receipts, motion picture or television ratings, and other 
occupational achievements reported in trade journals, major newspapers, or 
other publications; 
(5) Evidence that the alien has received significant recognition for achievements 
from organizations, critics, government agencies , or other recognized experts 
in the field in which the alien is engaged. Such testimonials must be in a form 
which clearly indicates the author's authority, expertise, and knowledge of the 
alien's achievements; or 
(6) Evidence that the alien has either commanded a high salary or will command 
a high salary or other substantial remuneration for services in relation to 
others in the field, as evidenced by contracts or other reliable evidence; or 
(C) If the criteria in paragraph ( o )(3)(iv) of this section do not readily apply to the 
beneficiary's occupation, the petitioner may submit comparable evidence in order to 
establish the beneficiary's eligibility. 
Additionally , the regulation at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(2)(iii) provides : 
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The evidence submitted with an 0 petition shall conform to the following: 
(A) Affidavits, contracts, awards, and similar documentation must reflect the nature of the 
alien's achievement and be executed by an officer or responsible person employed by 
the institution, firm, establishment, or organization where the work was performed . 
(B) Affidavits written by present or former employers or recognized experts certifying to 
the recognition and extraordinary ability ... shall specifically describe the alien's 
recognition and ability or achievement in factual terms and set forth the expertise of the 
affiant and the manner in which the affiant acquired such information. 
The decision of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) in a particular case is dependent upon the 
quality of the evidence submitted by the petitioner, not just the quantity of the evidence. The mere fact that the 
petitioner has submitted evidence relating to three of the criteria as required by the regulation does not 
necessarily establish that the alien is eligible for 0-1 classification. 59 Fed Reg at 41820; cf Kazarian v. 
USCIS, 596 F.3d 1115 (91h Cir. 2010) (discussing a two-part review where the evidence is first counted and 
then, if qualifying under at least three criteria, considered in the context of a final merits determination). 
II. The Alien's Area of Extraordinary Ability 
Although not addressed by the director, we note as a preliminary matter that the petitioner claims the 
beneficiary is an alien of extraordinary ability in the arts at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv).
1 
In response to the 
director's RFE requesting clarification on the area of the beneficiary's field of extraordinary ability, the 
petitioner explained: 
To clarify, the term "Dancesport" denotes competitive ballroom dancing, as contrasted to social 
or exhibition dancing. Competitive dance or dancesport events are sanctioned and regulated by 
organizations at the national and international level, such as the World Dance Council and the 
World DanceSport Federation. 
The name was created primarily to reflect the competitive nature of this area of dance, as "sport" 
implies or infers a game or competition element, and not really to make it an athletic sporting 
event. Although the physical demands of dancesport have been the subject of scientific research, 
which paralleled the rigors of preparation and participation as well as the endurance, stamina and 
physical fitness required for competitive dancing to that required for many track and field events, 
tennis, etc., these comparisons are strictly to emphasis [sic] the intensive effort required of this 
artistic performing dance discipline, and to gain respect for the discipline. There are few 
"competitions" of this nature in other dance disciplines, e.g., ballet, jazz, modern, and yet, the 
training required for competitive dancing is intensive and extensive. 
1 The AAO reviews each appeal on a de novo basis. Soltane v. DOJ, 381 F.3d 143, 145 (3d Cir. 2004). 
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The name was also invented to raise the profile of and general attitude towards competitive 
dance; to differentiate competitive dance from social dancing; and indeed to help competitive 
ballroom dancing gain Olympic recognition. The desire and goal of acceptance into the 
Olympics is much in order to give competitive dancing and its participants the recognition, 
credibility and respect it deserves. 
We disagree that the beneficiary's field of competitive ballroom dancing, otherwise known as Dancesport, can 
be appropriately classified as in the arts. 
While dancers in stage, film, and television productions are considered performing artists for the purposes of 
the 0-1 classification, we find that dancers in the field of competitive ballroom dancing are more appropriately 
classified as athletes in the field of athletics. The petitioner has neither claimed nor submitted evidence that the 
beneficiary will be performing as a dancer in any other capacity than that of a competitive ballroom dancer and 
instructor. 
There are numerous references in the record to "Dancesport" as a sport, and Dancesport dancers as "athletes." 
For instance, the evidence reflects, and the petitioner acknowledges, that the International Olympic Committee 
(IOC) has formally recognized DanceSport as a sport under consideration for inclusion in the Olympic 
Games, although it is not yet a medal 
sport in the Olympic Games. The recognition of DanceSport by the 
IOC is a clear indication that DanceSport has evolved into an acknowledged form of athletic competition. 
The rules and regulations of the World DanceSport Federation (WDSF) (formerly known as the 
International Dancesport Federation (IDSF)) and USA Dance Inc., which are some of the international and 
national governing bodies of Dancesport, refer to Dancesport dancers as "athletes. " 
The petitioner asserts that, despite its name, Dancesport is "not really" an athletic sport. The petitioner 
asserts the term "Dancesport" was invented to reflect the competitive nature of this area of dance in contrast to 
social or exhibition dancing, to emphasize the "intensive effort required of this artistic performing dance 
discipline," to gain overall attention and respect for the discipline, and to help it gain Olympic recognition. The 
petitioner's assertions are unpersuasive. The petitioner has not explained why Dancesport should not be 
considered a sport despite its name, competitive nature, IOC recognition, 
and the intensive physical training and 
fitness requirements that the petitioner acknowledges is equal to other athletes. We acknowledge that 
Dancesport involves a degree of artistry and creativity, however, the same can also be said for many other 
competitive sports. In addition, the petitioner claims that Dancesport athletes are eligible for the "Master of 
Sports" title, which is one of the highest ranks for athletes given by the Government of the Ukraine. The 
petitioner's claim that Dancesport athletes are eligible to receive the "Master of Sports" title appears 
contrary to its assertion that 
Dancesport is not an athletic sport. 
There may be instances in which a competitive ballroom dancer seeks to enter the United States to provide 
services as an entertainer or performing artist, rather than as a competitive dancer-athlete. The nature of the 
intended events or activities in the United States is critical in determining whether the beneficiary 1s 
entering the United States to provide services in the field of athletics or in the field of the arts. 
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Page b 
Based on the nature of the beneficiary's intended employment in the United States, we cannot conclude that 
the beneficiary will be providing services in the field of the arts. As the beneficiary is coming to the United 
States to train others for and participate in competitive athletic events, the petitioner should have requested 
review of the petition according to the extraordinary ability standard and criteria applicable to the field of 
athletics pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iii). Therefore, the petitioner's request to classify the 
beneficiary as an alien of extraordinary ability in the arts is improper. 
The regulations clearly prescribe different evidentiary criteria and standards of review for aliens of 
extraordinary ability in the arts as opposed to aliens of extraordinary ability in athletics. The regulation at 8 
C.F.R. § 214.2( o )(3)(ii) defines, in pertinent part: 
Extraordinary ability in the field of science, education, business, or athletics means a level 
of expertise indicating that the person is one of the small percentage who have arisen to the 
very top of the field of endeavor. 
The extraordinary ability provisions of this visa classification are intended to be highly restrictive for aliens 
in the fields of business, education, athletics, and the sciences. See 59 FR 41818, 41819 (August 15, 1994); 
137 Cong. Rec. S18242, 18247 (daily ed., Nov. 26, 1991) (comparing and discussing the lower standard for 
the arts). 
In a policy memorandum, the legacy Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) emphasized: 
It must be remembered that the standards for 0-1 aliens in the fields of business, education, 
athletics, and the sciences are extremely high. The 0-1 classification should be reserved 
only for those aliens who have reached the very top of their occupation or profession. The 
0-1 classification is substantially higher than the old H-1B prominent standard. Officers 
involved in the adjudication of these petitions should not "water down" the classification by 
approving 0-1 petitions for prominent aliens. 
Memorandum, Lawrence Weinig, Acting Asst. Comm'r., INS, "Policy Guidelines for the Adjudication of 0 
and P Petitions" (June 25, 1992). 
A petitioner sponsoring an 0-1 athlete cannot seek consideration of the petition under the lower standard of 
"distinction" by mischaracterizing the beneficiary's field as arts, whether by mistake or intention. The 
petitioner has not sought the correct 0-1 visa classification for the beneficiary, nor has it claimed or 
submitted evidence to establish that the beneficiary meets the criteria and standards for individuals of 
extraordinary ability in athletics as set forth in the regulations at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(iii)(A) or (B). 
Accordingly, the petition will be denied for this additional reason. 
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ill. Consideration of Evidentiary Criteria and Extraordinary Ability in the Arts 
The director appropriately reviewed the petition according to the classification requested on the Form I-129. 
USCIS will only consider the visa classifications that the petitioner annotates on the petition. The Ninth 
Circuit has determined that once USCIS concludes that an alien is not eligible for the specifically requested 
classification, the agency is not required to consider, sua sponte, whether the alien is eligible for an 
alternate classification. Brazil Quality Stones, Inc., v. Chertoff, Slip Copy, 2008 WL 2743927 (9th Cir. July 
10, 2008). 
As the director did not raise the foregoing 
issues in her decision, the AAO will nevertheless review the 
petitioner's claim that it satisfied the evidentiary requirements and lower standard of "distinction" 
applicable to aliens of extraordinary ability in the arts. 
To establish that the beneficiary has extraordinary ability in the arts, the petitioner must establish that the 
beneficiary meets the evidentiary criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(A), or at least three of the six criteria 
set forth at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B). 
Under the criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(A), if the petitioner establishes through the submission of 
documentary evidence that the beneficiary has been nominated for or has been the recipient of, significant 
national or international awards or prizes in the particular field pursuant to, then it will meet its burden of proof 
with respect to the beneficiary's eligibility for 0-1 classification. The regulation lists an Academy Award, an 
Emmy, a Grammy, or a Director's Guild award as examples of qualifying significant awards or prizes. 
The director found that the petitioner failed to submit sufficient probative evidence to establish that the 
beneficiary's prizes, placements, and awards are equivalent to those listed at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(A). On 
appeal, the petitioner does not contest or address the director's finding with respect to 8 C.F.R. § 
214.2(o)(3)(iv)(A). Therefore, the petitioner has abandoned this particular claim. 2 
Accordingly, the petitioner must establish the beneficiary's eligibility under at least three of the six criteria set 
forth at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B). 3 
2 See Sepulveda v. U.S. Atty Gen., 401 F.3d 1226, 1228 n. 2 (11th Cir. 2005); Hristov v. Roark, No. 09-
CV-27312011, 2011 WL 4711885 at *1, *9 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 30, 2011) (finding the plaintiff's claims to be 
abandoned as he failed to raise them on appeal to the AAO). 
3 Although we will review the evidence under the criteria at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B) pursuant to the 
petitioner 's claims, we note the difficulties of evaluating the submitted evidence given that the beneficiary's 
achievements in Dancesport are more appropriately considered in the field of athletics rather than the field of 
performing arts. This difficulty is further compounded by the petitioner's failure to consistently identify and 
articulate under which criteria at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o )(3)(iv)(B) it is claiming eligibility. For example, in the 
petitioner's initial letter in support of the petition, the petitioner categorized the submitted evidence under 
the criteria found at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iii)(B), relating to aliens of extraordinary ability in the fields of 
science, education, business, or athletics. Specifically, the petitioner submitted evidence under 8 C.F.R. § 
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1. Evidence that the alien has performed, and will perform, services as a lead or starring 
participant in productions or events which have a distinguished reputation as evidenced 
by critical reviews, advertisements, publicity releases, publications, contracts, or 
endorsements 
The director found that the petitioner failed to establish eligibility for the criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 
214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B)(l). On appeal, the petitioner does not contest or address the director's finding with 
respect to this criterion. Therefore, the petitioner has abandoned this particular claim.4 
2. Evidence that the alien has achieved national or international recognition for 
achievements evidenced by critical reviews or other published materials by or about the 
individual in major newspapers, trade journals, magazines, or other publications 
Under the criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B)(2), the petitioner submitted the article 
published by While this article 
is about the eneficiary, the petitioner failed to establish that it was published by a major newspaper, as 
required by the plain language of the regulation. The petitioner submitted no information about the circulation 
or distribution of this particular newspaper to establish that it can be considered a "major" newspaper. 
The petitioner asserts that the beneficiary was selected for and appeared on the television dance show 
in 2008. As evidence, the petitioner submitted YouTube screenshots of the beneficiary's 
performance on this show, as well as letters from which broadcast 
the show.5 The letters from Ms. state that the beneficiary "was one of [the show's] cast of 
professional dancers during [the] 2008 season." However, letters from the show's producer do not constitute 
"critical reviews or other published materials by or about the individual in major newspapers, trade journals, 
magazines, or other publications" as required by the plain language of the criterion. 
The petitioner submitted background information about ' describing how aspiring dancers 
can audition for the show and, if selected, compete against other contenders before a jury and 
viewers. This information is about the show, rather than about the beneficiary. See Negro-Plumpe v. Okin, 
2008 WL 2354694 (D. Nev.) (upholding a finding that articles about a show are not "about" the actor). 
Overall, it cannot be concluded that the petitioner established eligibility under the criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 
214.2( o )(3)(iv)(B)(2). 
214.2(o)(3)(iii)(B)(l) (receipt of nationally or internationally recognized prizes or awards for excellence), 8 
C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iii)(B)(2) (memberships in associations in the field which require outstanding 
achievements of their members), and 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iii)(B)(6) (contributions of major significance in 
the field). 
4 See Sepulveda, 401 F.3d at 1228; Hristov, No. 09-CV-27312011, 2011 WL 4711885 at *9. 
5 The petitioner provided a link to the YouTube site, but the link was not accessible. 
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3. Evidence that the alien has performed, and will perform, in a lead, starring, or critical role 
for organizations and establishments that have a distinguished reputation evidenced by 
articles in newspapers, trade journals, publications, or testimonials. 
Under the criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B)(3), the petitioner asserts that the beneficiary will perform in 
a lead, starring, or critical role for its studio. The petitioner submitted letters explaining its desire to have the 
beneficiary "take the leading role in the expansion of[its] young dancer program," modeled after the successful 
club/school models for children in and other European countries. The petitioner explained that the 
beneficiary's experience with dancesport clubs in the will be "crucial to our development of our 
program." The petitioner also asserted that the beneficiary would represent the company in the competitive 
dancesport arena pursuant to his full time employment. The petitioner stated that "[the beneficiary's] continued 
presence and performances on the professional competition dancefloor are part and parcel of his exceptional 
abilities and value to us, our organization, and the United States dance industry." 
Furthermore, on appeal the petitioner states that the beneficiary has been a "contributing and important member 
of several organizations with distinguished reputations, including the 
The petitioner also highlights that the beneficiary is the 
recipient of the has been the champion or finalist of four 
events, has qualified to participate in many events, and is a 
member of the 
Upon review, the petitioner failed to establish the beneficiary's eligibility under the criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 
214.2( o )(3)(iv)(B)(3) 
The petitioner asserts that the beneficiary will play a "leading" role for its studio by "leading" the expansion of 
its young dancer program, which in turn will be "crucial" to the company's development of the program. 
However, the petitioner failed to establish that the beneficiary's role will, in fact, be leading or critical for its 
studio. While the petitioner has repeatedly characterized the beneficiary's role as "leading" and "crucial," the 
petitioner has not described with any specificity what the benefi((iary's actual role will be with respect to 
developing the studio's young dancer program. Moreover, the petitioner failed to explain the role of the young 
dancer program with respect to its overall company. Conclusory assertions regarding the beneficiary's 
employment capacity are not sufficient. Merely repeating the language of the statute or regulations does 
not satisfy the petitioner's burden of proof. Fedin Bros. Co., Ltd. v. Sava, 724 F. Supp. 1103, 1108 
(E.D.N.Y. 1989), affd, 905 F. 2d 41 (2d. Cir. 1990); Avyr Associates, Inc. v. Meissner, 1997 WL 188942 at 
*5 (S.D.N.Y.). 
Notably, the petitioner's proposed employment contract states only that the beneficiary will be a dance 
instructor; it does not mention any duties related to developing a young dancer program. The petitioner 
submitted no objective evidence to corroborate its assertions regarding the beneficiary 's purported 
"leading" or "crucial" role for the petitioner. 
We are not persuaded by the petitioner's broad claim that the beneficiary will play a leading or critical role 
merely by representing the studio or the industry as a whole. Applying this logic, it can be said that almost any 
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Page lU 
Dancesport professional is playing a "leading" or "critical" role by representing their studio or the industry at 
large. To allow the broad application of the terms "leading" or "critical" to include almost any Dancesport 
professional would render the term meaningless. 
With respect to the beneficiary's memberships; the petitioner failed to explain how membership alone 
constitutes performing a "lead, starring, or critical role" for the respective organizations. The petitioner has not 
asserted that the beneficiary plays any particular role(s) in the above organizations other than being a member. 
Similarly, the petitioner has not explained how the beneficiary's awards and participation in various Dancesport 
championships and events constitute performing a "lead, starring, or critical role" for organizations and 
establishments, within the ordinary meaning of that term. 
Accordingly, the petitioner has not established that the beneficiary satisfies the plain language of the 
regulation at 8 C.P.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B)(3). 
4. Evidence that the alien has a record of major commercial or critically acclaimed 
successes as evidenced by title, rating, standing in the field, box office receipts, motion 
pictures or television ratings, and other occupational achievements reported in trade 
journals, major newspapers, or other publications 
The director found that the petitioner failed to establish eligibility for the criterion at 8 C.P.R. § 
214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B)(4). On appeal, the petitioner does not contest or address the director's finding with 
respect to this criterion. Therefore, the petitioner has abandoned this particular claim. 6 
5. Evidence that the alien has received significant recognition for achievements from 
organizations, critics, government agencies, or other recognized experts in the field in 
which the alien is engaged. Such testimonials must be in a form which clearly 
indicates the author's authority, expertise, and knowledge of the alien 's achievements. 
The director determined that the evidence submitted meets the criterion at 8 C.P.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B)(5). 
After careful review of the record, we agree with the director that the petitioner established eligibility under 8 
C.P.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B)(5). The petitioner submitted copies of various awards the beneficiary received in 
Dancesport competitions, including first place finishes in several competitions. These first place finishes 
constitute "significant recognition for achievements" from organizations in the field, pursuant to the plain 
language of the criterion. 7 
6 See Sepulveda, 401 F.3d at 1228; Hristov, No. 09-CV-27312011, 2011 WL 4711885 at *9. 
7 The petitioner claims that the beneficiary was awarded the title However, 
the submitted evidence is insufficient to establish the beneficiary's actual receipt of this title. Specifically, 
the petitioner did not submit primary evidence of the · award, i.e., a copy of the actual award/badge. The 
petitioner did not explain why it did not submit a copy of the award/badge, or why such evidence was not 
available. 
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6. Evidence that the alien has either commanded a high salary or will command a high salary 
or other substantial remuneration for services in relation to others in the field, as 
evidenced by contracts or other reliable evidence 
In the denial, the director discussed inconsistencies regarding the beneficiary ' s proposed salary under the 
criterion at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B)(5). Specifically, the director observed that, according to the Form 1-
129, the petitioner will pay the beneficiary an annual salary of $55,000 per year. However, according to the 
petitioner's proposed employment contract, the beneficiary will be paid "$45 per hour based on lessons taught 
plus appropriate commissions," which the director found equates to approximately $93 ,000 per year. The 
director concluded that these inconsistencies prevented USCIS from determining the beneficiary 's salary and 
whether it is considered high in relation to others in the field. The director also noted the lack of evidence 
establishing what the top percentage of dancers earned in the field. 
On appeal, the petitioner does not offer an explanation for the inconsistencies regarding the beneficiary's 
proposed salary. The petitioner states only that the beneficiary "would command and would be paid a 
salary equal to or above the highest level, which has been accepted by the Service as sufficient evidence of 
this in numerous cases we are aware from our industry colleagues and own studio experience. " The 
petitioner then lists seven names and receipt numbers , without any other information or corroborating 
evidence. The petitioner also submits wage information for dancers in support of the appeal. 
Upon review, we cannot conclude that the petitioner established the beneficiary's eligibility under 8 C.F.R. 
§ 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B)(5). Foremost, the petitioner has not addressed nor submitted any documentary evidence 
to resolve the noted discrepancies regarding the beneficiary's salary. Without such clarification, we are 
precluded from making an accurate assessment of the beneficiary's eligibility under this criterion. It is 
incumbent upon the petitioner to resolve any inconsistencies in the record by independent objective 
evidence; any attempt to explain or reconcile such inconsistencies will not suffice unless the petitioner 
submits competent objective evidence pointing to where the truth lies. Matter of Ho, 19 I&N Dec. 582, 
591-92 (BIA 1988). Doubt cast on any aspect of the petitioner's proof may, of course, lead to a reevaluation 
of the reliability and sufficiency of the remaining evidence offered in support of the visa petition. Jd. 
Assuming that the beneficiary ' s salary will be $55,000 per year as stated on the Form 1-129, we find that 
this salary is not considered high in relation to others in the field. On appeal, the petitioner submits a 
document from the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicating that the top 901h percentile hourly wage rate for 
dancers in the United States is $33.49. This is approximately equal to an annual salary of $69,659 per year. 
We note that the petitioner previously submitted an O*Net printout from the Department of Labor, Office of 
Foreign Labor Certification, reflecting that the Level 4 prevailing wage for dancers in the petitioner's area is 
$50,128 per year. While the beneficiary's salary exceeds the Level 4 prevailing wage for the petitioner's area, 
the prevailing wage only reflects the average wage paid to all similarly employed workers in the same 
occupation in the same area. 20 C.F.R . § 655.10. The prevailing wage, alone, is insufficient establish 
whether a salary is high in relation to others in the field, as required by the plain language of the regulation. 
We note the petitioner's claim that USCIS has approved cases with similar salaries. However, the 
petitioner's claim is not persuasive or supported by documentary evidence. While the petitioner provided a 
(b)(6) NON-PRECEDENT DECISION 
Page 12 
list of seven names and receipt numbers, the petitioner did not provide any documentary evidence to 
establish that USCIS did, in fact, find eligibility under this criterion and approve the petitions based upon the 
same set of facts present here. In making a determination of the beneficiary's eligibility, USCIS is limited to 
the information contained in the instant record of proceeding. See 8 C.P.R. § 103.2(b )(16)(ii). 
Based on the above, we conclude that the petitioner failed to establish the beneficiary's 
eligibility under the 
criterion at 8 C.P.R.§ 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B)(6). 
In summary, the petitioner has failed to establish eligibility under at least three of the six criteria found under the 
regulation at 8 C.P.R.§ 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B). Therefore, the proper conclusion is that petitioner has failed to satisfy 
the regulatory requirement of three types of evidence. 
IV. Intent to Continue to Work in the Area of Extraordinary Ability in the United States 
Finally, beyond the decision of the director, the petitioner failed to establish that the beneficiary is coming 
to the United States to continue work in the area of extraordinary ability. Section 101(a)(15)(0); 8 C.P.R.§ 
214.2( o )(1 )(ii)(A). 
In the instant matter, the petitioner claims that the beneficiary is coming to the United States to perform 
both as a professional dance instructor and a professional dancer. 8 According to the petitioner's letter 
submitted with the initial petition, the petitioner described the beneficiary's proposed employment as "to 
teach and coach all levels of professionals and students including beginners, intermediate, advanced 
students as well as coach dance teachers." In addition, the petitioner stated that the beneficiary "will 
represent [its] organization as Dancesport professional at national and international championships and 
events." The petitioner submitted a list of "proposed competitions" and stated: "We would anticipate [the 
beneficiary's] as a dancesport professional in many, if not all, of these events [sic]." Since the petitioner 
claims that the beneficiary will be employed as both a dance instructor as well as a competitive ballroom 
dancer, the petitioner must establish that the beneficiary has extraordinary ability in both areas. 
8 The petitioner has provided inconsistent evidence regarding the beneficiary's proposed employment 
capacity in the United States. For instance, the petitioner's proposed employment agreement with the 
beneficiary specifically states that the beneficiary will be working as a dance instructor, eight hours a day, 
Monday through Friday, with additional Saturday instruction. The employment agreement also states 
vaguely that the beneficiary would be performing unspecified "services on certain weekends that may 
involve competitions and special events." Concurrently, the petitioner indicates that the beneficiary will be 
predominantly employed as a competitive ballroom dancer. The petitioner submitted a list of "proposed 
competitions" consisting of all calendar events from the , and stated that it expects the beneficiary 
will participate as a dancesport professional "in many, if not all, of the [listed] competitions." Considering 
that competitions are held every couple of days, or even on the same days, in various locations 
throughout the United States, it would be impossible for the beneficiary to compete in "many, if not all" of 
the listed competitions as a dancer, while concurrently working as a full-time dance instructor for the 
petitioning studio. This ambiguity raises some doubt regarding the actual nature of the beneficiary's 
proposed employment capacity in the United States. 
(b)(6)
NON-PRECEDENT DECISION 
Page 13 
While a professional dancer and a dance instructor certainly share knowledge of dance, the two rely on very 
different sets of basic skills. Thus, dance performance and dance instruction are not the same area of 
expertise. This interpretation, as applied to competitive athletes and athletic coaches, has been upheld in 
Federal Court. In Lee v. I.N.S., 237 F. Supp. 2d 914, 918 (N.D. Ill. 2002), the court stated: 
It is reasonable to interpret continuing to work in one's "area of extraordinary ability" as 
working 
in the same profession in which one has extraordinary ability, not necessarily in any 
profession in that field. For example, Lee's extraordinary ability as a baseball player does not 
imply that he also has extraordinary ability in all positions or professions in the baseball 
industry such as a manager, umpire or coach. 
This office has recognized that there exists a nexus between performing as a competitive athlete and 
teaching as an athletic coach. To assume that every athlete's area of expertise includes teaching or 
instruction, however, would be too speculative. To resolve this issue, the following balance is appropriate. 
In a case where an alien has clearly achieved distinction as an athlete and has sustained that acclaim in the 
field of instruction, we can consider the totality of the evidence as establishing an overall pattern of 
sustained acclaim and extraordinary ability such that we can conclude that instruction is within the 
beneficiary's area of expertise. 
Here, however, the petitioner has only discussed and submitted evidence pertaining to the beneficiary's 
ability as a professional dancer. The petitioner has not mentioned nor submitted any evidence pertaining to 
the beneficiary's ability as a dance instructor. The petitioner has therefore failed to establish that the 
beneficiary's area of extraordinary ability includes dance instruction. Consequently, the petitioner failed to 
establish that the beneficiary will be coming to the United States to continue work in his area of 
extraordinary ability. Section 101(a)(15)(0); 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(1)(ii)(A). For this additional reason, the 
petition must be denied. 
V. Conclusion 
The evidence of record indicates that the beneficiary's area of extraordinary ability, competitive ballroom 
dance otherwise known as Dancesport, falls within the field of athletics rather than the arts. The 
beneficiary's occupation does not fall within the 0-1 classification requested on the petition. In addition, 
the petitioner failed to establish that the beneficiary meets the evidentiary criterion at 8 C.F.R. 
214.2(o)(3)(iv)(A), or at least three of the six criteria set forth at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(o)(3)(iv)(B). Lastly, the 
petitioner failed to establish that the beneficiary is coming to the United States to continue work in the area 
of extraordinary ability, as the petitioner submitted no evidence to establish that the beneficiary's area of 
extraordinary ability includes dance instruction. 
The petition will be denied and the appeal dismissed for the above stated reasons, with each considered as 
an independent and alternative basis for the decision. In visa petition proceedings, the burden of proving 
(b)(6)