dismissed H-1B Case: Information Technology

U.S. Citizenship 
and Immigration 
Services 
In Re: 6503751 
Appeal of Vermont Service Center Decision 
Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker (H-lB) 
Non-Precedent Decision of the 
Administrative Appeals Office 
Date : MAR. 5, 2020 
The Petitioner, an information technology company, seeks to temporarily employ the Beneficiary as a 
"product manager II" under the H-lB nonimmigrant classification for specialty occupations. See 
Immigration and Nationality Act (the Act) section 101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b), 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b). 
The H-lB program allows a U.S. employer to temporarily employ a qualified foreign worker in a 
position that requires both (a) the theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized 
knowledge and (b) the attainment of a bachelor's or higher degree in the specific specialty ( or its 
equivalent) as a minimum prerequisite for entry into the position. 
The Director of the Vermont Service Center denied the petition, concluding that the proffered position 
does not qualify as a specialty occupation under the criteria at 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A) . On 
appeal, the Petitioner asserts that the record establishes the position satisfies the first three criteria at 
8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A)(l)-(3). 
However, upon de nova review, we cannot determine the substantive nature of the proffered position, 
which precludes a determination of whether that the proffered position satisfies any criterion at 
8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A). 1 When determining whether a position is a specialty occupation, we 
review the H-lB petition and the supporting documents to ascertain the salient aspects of the proposed 
employment. 2 A crucial aspect of this matter is whether the Petitioner has submitted sufficient and 
consistent evidence describing the duties of the proffered position such that we may discern the nature 
of the position and whether the position actually requires the theoretical and practical application of a 
body of highly specialized knowledge attained through at least a baccalaureate degree in a specific 
discipline. See sections 101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b), 214(i)(l) of the Act; 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(ii). The 
substantive nature of the work determines ( 1) the normal minimum educational requirement for entry into 
the particular position, which is the focus of criterion 1; (2) industry positions which are parallel to the 
proffered position and thus appropriate for review for a common degree requirement, under the first 
1 The Petitioner submitted documentation to support the H-1 B petition , including evidence regarding the proffered position 
and its business operations . Although we may not discuss every document submitted, we have reviewed and considered 
each one. 
2 We follow the preponderance of the evidence standard as specified in Matter of Chawathe, 25 I&N Dec. 369, 375-76 
(AAO 2010) . 
alternate prong of criterion 2; (3) the level of complexity or uniqueness of the proffered position, which 
is the focus of the second alternate prong of criterion 2; (4) the factual justification for a petitioner 
normally requiring a degree or its equivalent, when that is an issue under criterion 3; and (5) the degree 
of specialization and complexity of the specific duties, which is the focus of criterion 4. 3 8 C.F.R. 
§ 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A). Accordingly, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services must be able to 
determine the substantive nature of a proffered position's duties before it can determine whether such 
a position qualifies as a specialty occupation. 
The Petitioner described its business as "specializing in real-time online advertising." The Petitioner 
described the proffered "product manager II" position's duties as follows:4 
• Lead the complex and technical foll life cycle for products and services covering 
concepts, specification, design, launch, and enhancement phases of multiple 
offerings; 
• Conduct in-depth, technical market research and engage with [the Petitioner's] key 
customers, prospective customers, and major partners to identify market needs and 
opportunities; 
• Work closely with new business, sales, services, engineering, and advertising 
operations to understand and resolve product gaps; 
• Consolidate, rationalize, and prioritize market requirements into a product road 
map to define the go-to-market strategy and timeline for product features and 
enhancements; 
• Identify key success metrics; 
• Design complex functional specifications and make key feature, resource, and 
timeline tradeoff decisions; 
• Work closely with engineering leaders and their teams through all stages of the 
product development; and 
• Create product roll out [sic] collateral including white papers, case studies, demos, 
and training material. 
On the labor condition application (LCA)5 submitted in support of the petition, the Petitioner designated 
the proffered position in the "Architectural and Engineering Manager" occupational category, 
corresponding to the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) code 11-9041. 00 from the 
Occupational Information Network (O*NET). According to the U.S. Department of Labor's 
Occupational Outlook Handbook (Handbook), "Architectural and Engineering Managers" typically 
"plan, direct, and coordinate activities in architectural and engineering companies." Bureau of Labor 
Statistics, U.S. Dep't of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Architectural and Engineering 
3 As the lack of probative and consistent evidence in the record precludes a conclusion that the proffered position is a 
specialty occupation and is dispositive of the appeal, we will not further discuss the Petitioner's assertions on appeal 
regarding the criteria under 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(h)(4)(iii)(A). 
4 The Petitioner submitted expanded duty descriptions. Although we omit the expanded descriptions for brevity, we have 
reviewed them in their entirety. 
5 A petitioner submits the LCA to DOL to demonstrate that it will pay an H-1 B worker the higher of either the prevailing 
wage for the occupational classification in the area of employment or the actual wage paid by the employer to other 
employees with similar duties, experience, and qualifications. Section 212(n)(l) of the Act; 20 C.F.R. § 655.73l(a). 
2 
Managers, https ://www.bls.gov/ ooh/management/ architectural-and-engineering-managers .htm#tab-2 
(last visited Mar. 4, 2020). 6 The position's duty description, quoted above, does not address activities 
in an architectural or engineering company. In contrast, the description addresses "[ conducting] in­
depth, technical market research and engag[ing] with [the Petitioner's] key customers, prospective 
customers, and major partners to identify market needs and opportunities"; "[ working] closely with 
new business, sales, services, engineering, and advertising operations to understand and resolve 
product gaps"; and "[consolidating], rationaliz[ing], and prioritiz[ing] market requirements into a 
product road map to define the go-to-market strategy and timeline for product features and 
enhancements." The duty description quoted above bears many similarities to those in the "Marketing 
Manager" occupational category, which include the following: 
• Identify, develop, or evaluate marketing strategy, based on knowledge of 
establishment objectives, market characteristics, and cost and markup factors; 
• Initiate market research studies or analyze their findings; 
• Consult with product development personnel on product specifications such as 
design, color, or packaging; 
• Recommend modifications to products, packaging, production processes, or other 
characteristics to improve the environmental soundness or sustainability of 
products; and 
• Formulate, direct, or coordinate marketing activities or policies to promote products 
or services, working with advertising or promotion managers. 
O*NET OnLine Summary Report for "11-2021.00 Marketing Managers," 
http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/11-2021.00 (last visited Mar. 4, 2020). 7 
The Handbook's description of "Marketing Managers" also bears similarities as follows: 
Marketing managers estimate the demand for products and services that an organization 
and its competitors offer. They identify potential markets for the organization's 
products. 
Marketing managers also develop pricing strategies to help organizations maximize 
their profits and market share while ensuring that the organizations' customers are 
satisfied. They work with sales, public relations, and product development staff 
For example, a marketing manager may monitor trends that indicate the need for a new 
product or service. Then he or she may assist in the development of that product or 
service and to create a marketing plan for it. 
6 We recognize the U.S. Department of Labor's (DOL) Occupational Outlook Handbook (Handbook) as an authoritative 
source on the duties and educational requirements of the wide variety of occupations that it addresses. However, we do 
not maintain that the Handbook is the exclusive source ofrelevant information. 
7 The position's duties also bear similarities to those of other occupational categories, such as "Market Research Analysts 
and Marketing Specialists," and "Information Technology Managers." See O*NET OnLine Summary Rep01i for 
"13-1161.00 - Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists," http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/13-
l 161.00 (last visited Mar. 4, 2020); O*NET OnLine Summary Report for "15-1100.09 - Information Technology 
Managers," https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/15- l 199 .09 (last visited Mar. 4, 2020). 
3 
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Dep't of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Advertising, 
Promotions, and Marketing Managers, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/advertising­
promotions-and-marketing-managers.htm#tab-2 (last visited Mar. 4, 2020). 
We further note that the Petitioner repeatedly emphasized that "[t]he [B]eneficiary will draw upon the 
following courses completed during his Master's Degree: ... "Marketing[,] ... Marketing 
Research[,] ... Applied Marketing Management[,] ... Global Marketing," and other courses that 
correspond to "Marketing Managers" rather than "Architectural and Engineering Managers." The 
discrepancy between the designated SOC code and the alignment of the position's duties to other SOC 
codes raise questions regarding the position's actual substantive nature. 
We note that the record contains an opinion letter written by~------- a professor of 
marketing a~ I College. As a matter of discretion, we may use opinion statements submitted by a 
petitioner as advisory. Matter of Caron Int'!, Inc., 19 I&N Dec. 791, 795 (Comm'r 1988). However, 
we will give an opinion less weight if it is not in accord with other information in the record or if it is 
in any way questionable. Id. We are ultimately responsible for making the final determination 
regarding an individual's eligibility for the benefit sought; the submission of expert opinion letters is 
not presumptive evidence of eligibility. Id.; see also Matter of V-K-, 24 I&N Dec. 500, 502 n.2 (BIA 
2008) ("[E]xpert opinion testimony, while undoubtedly a form of evidence, does not purport to be 
evidence as to 'fact' but rather is admissible only if 'it will assist the trier of fact to understand the 
evidence or to determine a fact in issue."') . 
.__ __ __.I based his opinion on his "review of extensive documentation pertaining to the position of 
Product Manager II with [the Petitioner] and the academic credentials of [the Beneficiary]." In his 
letter,I I opines that "it would be impossible to handle the required job duties of the Product 
Manager II position with [the Petitioner] without at least a bachelor's degree in ComRuter Science, 
Engineering, Business Administration, or a related analytical field." However,! J who we note 
is a professor of marketing, does not address the Petitioner's peculiar designation of the position in 
the "Architectural and Engineering Managers" occupational category rather than the "Marketing 
Managers" occupational category, despite the duties' emphasis on managing the Petitioner's 
marketing. 
Similar to the Petitioner's duty description, discussed aboveJ I observes that the Beneficiary 
"would draw upon his advanced education in strategic management, operations strategy, and 
microeconomics to conduct market research and engage with customers, prospects, and partners in 
order to identify market needs and opportunities"; "contribute to technical product roll-out efforts with 
[m]arketing, [s]ales, and other client-facing teams; and generate effective marketing collateral; 
"analyze market data and product/service requirements"; and "rely on and employ advanced concepts 
of operations strategy, markets analysis, strategic marketing planning, advertising, marketing, 
business statistics, branding, customer relationship management, competitive analysis, strategic 
business planning, product enhancement, strategic management, microeconomics, macroeconomics, 
and business communication."! rs observations raise questions regarding the position's actual 
substantive nature, similar to the Petitioner's duty description. In any event! Is opinion that 
disparate degree fields of computer science and business administration qualify workers for the 
position does not establish that the position requires a bachelor's or higher degree in a specific 
4 
specialty, or its equivalent. 8 Based on the concerns we addressed, and considered in light of the entire 
record, I ts opinion bears minimal probative value. See Matter o_f Caron Int 'l, Inc., 19 I&N 
Dec. at 795. 
In summation, we conclude that the record raises questions regarding the actual substantive nature of 
the proffered position, which therefore precludes a determination of whether the position qualifies as 
a specialty occupation. 
In visa petition proceedings, it is the petitioner's burden to establish eligibility for the immigration 
benefit sought. Section 291 of the Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1361. The Petitioner has not met that burden. 
ORDER: The appeal is dismissed. 
8 A petitioner must demonstrate that the proffered position requires a precise and specific course of study that relates 
directly to the position in question. Since there must be a close correlation between the required specialized studies and 
the position, the requirement of a degree with a generalized title, such as business administration, without further 
specification, does not establish the position as a specialty occupation. Cf Matter of Michael Hertz Assocs., 19 T&N Dec. 
558, 560 (Comm'r 1988). To prove that a job requires the theoretical and practical application of a body of highly 
specialized knowledge as required by section 214(i)( I) of the Act, a petitioner must establish that the position requires the 
attainment of a bachelor's or higher degree in a specialized field of study or its equivalent. As explained above, we interpret 
the degree requirement at 8 C.F.R. § 2 l 4.2(h)(4 )(iii)(A) to require a degree in a specific specialty that is directly related to 
the proposed position. We have consistently stated that, although a general-purpose bachelor's degree, such as a degree 
in business administration, may be a legitimate prerequisite for a paiiicular position, requiring such a degree, without more, 
will not justify a conclusion that a particular position qualifies for classification as a specialty occupation. Royal Siam 
COip., 484 F.3d at 147. 
5