dismissed EB-2 NIW Case: Information Technology
Decision Summary
The appeal was dismissed because the petitioner failed to establish eligibility for a national interest waiver. The director found that the petitioner did not demonstrate that an exemption from the job offer requirement would be in the national interest, and the appeal did not overcome this finding. The submitted documentation was heavily criticized for being based on an unmodified template, containing numerous errors (such as misidentifying the petitioner's gender and field as 'biomedical research'), and lacking specific evidence to support the waiver request.
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U.S.Departmentof HomelandSecurity U.s. CitizenshipandImmigrationServices AdministrativeAppealsOflice (AAO) 20 MassachusettsAve.,N.W.,Ms 2090 Washington,DC 20529-2090 8, U.S.Citizenship and Immigration Services DATE: DEC 2 0 2012 OFFICE:NEBRASKASERVICECENTER FILE: IN RE: Petitioner: Beneficiary: PETITION: ImmigrantPetitionfor AlienWorkerasaMemberof theProfessionsHoldinganAdvanced Degreeor anAlienof ExceptionalAbility Pursuantto Section203(b)(2)of theImmigration andNationalityAct, 8 U.S.C.§ 1153(b)(2) ONBEHALFOFPETITIONER: INSTRUCTIONS: Enclosedpleasefind thedecisionof theAdministrativeAppealsOffice in yourcase.All of thedocuments relatedto this matterhavebeenreturnedto theofficethatoriginallydecidedyourcase.Pleasebeadvised thatanyfurtherinquirythatyoumighthaveconcerningyourcasemustbemadeto thatoffice. If you believe the AAO inappropriately applied the law in reaching its decision, or you have additional information that you wish to have considered,you may file a motion to reconsideror a motion to reopenin accordancewith the instructions on Form I-290B, Notice of Appeal or Motion, with a fee of $630. The specificrequirementsfor filing sucha motioncanbe foundat 8 C.F.R.§ 103.5.Do not file any motion directly with theAAO. Pleasebeawarethat8C.F.R.§ 103.5(a)(1)(i)requiresanymotionto befiledwithin 30daysof thedecisionthatthemotionseekstoreconsiderorreopen. Thankyou, RonRosenberg ActingChief,AdministrativeAppealsOffice www.uscis.gov Page2 DISCUSSION: The Director,NebraskaServiceCenter,deniedthe employment-basedimmigrant visapetition. Thematteris now beforethe AdministrativeAppealsOffice (AAO) on appeal. The AAO will dismisstheappeal. Thepetitionerseeksclassificationundersection203(b)(2)of theImmigrationandNationalityAct (the Act), 8 U.S.C. § 1153(b)(2),as a memberof the professionsholding an advanceddegree. The petitionerseeksemploymentasa seniortechnicalanalyst. Thepetitionerassertsthat an exemption fromtherequirementof ajob offer, andthusof a laborcertification,is in thenationalinterestof the UnitedStates.Thedirectorfoundthatthe petitionerqualifiesfor classificationasa memberof the professionsholding an advanceddegree,but that thepetitionerhasnot establishedthat an exemption fromtherequirementof ajob offerwouldbein thenationalinterestoftheUnitedStates. Onappeal,thepetitionersubmitsabrieffromcounselandcopiesof previouslysubmittedmaterials. Section203(b)of theAct states,inpertinentpart: (2) Aliens Who Are Membersof the ProfessionsHoldingAdvancedDegreesor Aliensof ExceptionalAbility.- (A) In General.- Visasshallbe madeavailable. . . to qualifiedimmigrantswho are membersof the professionsholding advanceddegreesor their equivalentor who becauseof theirexceptionalability in thesciences,arts,or business,will substantially benefitprospectivelythenationaleconomy,culturalor educationalinterests,or welfare of the UnitedStates,andwhoseservicesin thesciences,arts,professions,or business aresoughtby anemployerin theUnited States. (B) Waiverof JobOffer- (i) . . . theAttomey Generalmay,whenthe Attomey Generaldeemsit to bein thenationalinterest,waivetherequirementsof subparagraph(A) thatanalien's servicesin the sciences,arts,professions,or businessbe soughtby anemployer in theUnitedStates. Thedirectordid not disputethat the petitionerqualifiesasa memberof the professionsholdingan advanceddegree.Thesoleissuein contentioniswhetherthepetitionerhasestablishedthatawaiverof thejob offer requirement,andthusa laborcertification,is in thenationalinterest. Neitherthe statutenor the pertinentregulationsdefinethe term "nationalinterest." Additionally, Congressdid not providea specificdefinitionof "in the nationalinterest." The Committeeon the Judiciarymerelynotedin its reportto theSenatethatthecommitteehad"focusedonnationalinterest by increasingthenumberandproportionof visasfor immigrantswhowouldbenefittheUnitedStates economicallyandotherwise.. . ." S.Rep.No. 55, 101stCong.,1stSess.,11(1989). Supplementary informationto regulationsimplementingthe ImmigrationAct of 1990,publishedat 56 Fed.Reg. 60897,60900(November29,1991),states: Page3 The Service[now U.S. CitizenshipandImmigrationServices(USCIS)]believesit appropriateto leavethe applicationof this test as flexible as possible,although clearlyanalienseekingto meetthe [nationalinterest]standardmustmakeashowing significantly above that necessaryto prove the "prospectivenational benefit" [requiredof aliensseekingto qualify as"exceptional."] Theburdenwill restwith thealiento establishthatexemptionfrom,or waiverof, thejob offer will be in the nationalinterest.Eachcaseisto bejudgedon its ownmerits. In re New YorkStateDept.of Transportation(NYSDOT),22 I&N Dec.215 (Act. Assoc.Comm'r 1998),hassetforthseveralfactorswhichmustbeconsideredwhenevaluatinga requestfor anational interestwaiver. First, the petitionermust show that the alien seeksemploymentin an areaof substantialintrinsicmerit. Next,thepetitionermustshowthattheproposedbenefitwill benationalin scope. Finally,thepetitionerseekingthewaivermustestablishthatthe alienwill servethenational interestto asubstantiallygreaterdegreethanwouldanavailableUnitedStatesworkerhavingthesame minimumqualifications. Whilethenationalinterestwaiverhingesonprospectivenationalbenefit,thepetitionermustestablish that the alien's past recordjustifies projectionsof future benefit to the nationalinterest. The petitioner'ssubjectiveassurancethat the alienwill, in the future,servethe nationalinterestcannot sufficeto establishprospectivenationalbenefit. The intentionbehindthe term "prospective"is to requirefuture contributionsby the alien, ratherthan to facilitatethe entry of an alien with no demonstrableprior achievements,andwhosebenefitto the nationalinterestwouldthusbe entirely speculative. The AAO also notesthat the USCISregulationat 8 C.F.R. § 204.5(k)(2)defines"exceptional ability" as"a degreeof expertisesignificantlyabovethatordinarilyencountered"in a givenareaof endeavor. By statute,aliensof exceptionalability are generallysubjectto the job offer/labor certificationrequirement;they are not exemptby virtue of their exceptionalability. Therefore, whethera given alienseeksclassificationasanalienof exceptionalability, or asa memberof the professionsholdinganadvanceddegree,thataliencannotqualify for awaiverjust by demonstrating adegreeof expertisesignificantly abovethat ordinarily encounteredin his or herfield of expertise. Thepetitionerfiledthe FormI-140petitionon September26,2011. In anaccompanyingstatement, counselstated:"[The petitioner]hasaskedmeto assisthim [sic] in filing a petition. . . to enable him continue[sic] his biomedicalresearchanddevelopa strongresearchprogramin the United States." The petitioner is neither male nor a biomedical researcher,yet counsel,throughout the five-page statement,repeatedlyused masculinepronounsand words such as "science" and "research." Counselappearsto haveuseda largelyunmodifiedtemplatedocument,a conclusion consistentwith repeatedappearancesof the phrase"Dr. Beneficiary"in placeof the petitioner's actualname. (The petitionerdoesnot claim to hold a doctorate,) As a result,the introductory statementcontainsno useful informationrelatingspecificallyto the petitioneror to her claimed eligibility for thenationalinterestwaiver. The petitioner identified no current or prospectiveemployeron the petition form or on the accompanyingFormETA-750B,Statementof Qualificationsof Alien. A résumésubmittedwith the petitionindicatedthatthepetitionerheldtwo positionsatthetimeof filing: Page4 OX BACK OFFICE SOLUTIONS LAKELAND, FL BusinessAnalyst January2011- Present • Elicit project requirementsfrom stake-holdersand businessowners for the developmentof proprietary(SaaS)webapplications • Facilitatejoint application& rapidapplicationdevelopment(JAD/RAD)workshops & meetings • Createsupport,trainingandhelpdocumentations • Designtestplanandtestcasesfor UserAcceptanceTesting • Developbusinessandfunctionalrequirements(BRD/FRD)fortheapplication. • DesigninteractiveUI prototypeusingMS expressionblendto demonstratethe applicationinteractionto developersandstake-holders • ProducehighqualityUI elementsandensureaestheticqualityof interfaces • Validate technical designs created by IT developers against functional specificationsto ensurethere are no gaps betweenthe applicationand the requirements EFUSIONLLC CHICAGO,IL Founder/President September2010- Present • Developand executebusinessstrategiesto enableclients[to] unlock their full potentialby leveragingwebtechnology. • Educatesmall businessesand individuals on the benefits of creating and maintainingawebpresence. • Responsiblefor all stagesof Websitecreationsfor clientele,frominitialdesignand architectureto development,deployment,andmanagementof websites. Thesamerésuméindicatedthatthepetitionerresidesin WestChester,Ohio,about300milessoutheast of Chicagoandover900milesnorthof Lakeland. Thepetitionersubmittedcopiesof her educationalcredentialsandbackgrounddocumentationabout the importanceof the sciences,but no evidenceor explanationasto how the petitionerpurportedto qualify for thenationalinterestwaiver. On December28, 2011, the petitionersubmitteda supplementto the initial filing, intendedto demonstrateher eligibility for the waiver. Counsel'scover letter accuratelydescribedthe accompanyingexhibits,butagainreferredto thepetitioner'soccupationas"biomedicalresearch."The petitionerstated: I havecollaboratedwith andcontributedsignificantlyto the successof someof the finest(fortune500) corporationsin the United States,includingHewitt Associates, ContinentalAirlines, Teradata,and Aon. My uniquebackgroundin the fields of businessandtechnologyhasenabledme[to] cultivateskillssoughtafterby USfirms. I continueto workwith AonHewittonInformationTechnologyadvancementsthatwill be moreefficientandbring significantcostsavingprocessesto our clientsacrossthe nation.Theknowledgeandskillsgainedfromworkingontheseprojectscanbeapplied Page5 to differentsectorsofthe economy.Corporationsin theUS candefinitelybenefitfrom theskillsI havetooffer.. . . My mostrecentaccomplishmentis with OxBackOffice solutions,aninnovativestart up venturewith a goalto bring changeto thetransportationindustry. I wasbrought onboardin early 2011 to defineand designthe specsfor an online transportation managementsystem. . . thatenabledtransportationcompanies[to] managedriverand vendorrecords.. . . I proposedaneffectiveapproachto developanall encompassing TM systemwithin theoriginalbudgetanddeadline.ThescopewasbroadenedandI proceededto designa systemthat integratedDOT and CSA compliance,vendor management,drivermanagement,electronicdriverlogsandon-boardmonitoring.This systemispositionedto fill aholein thetransportationindustry,thussatisfyinganeedof US firms. TheworkI havedoneatHewitthassignificantlycontributedtothequalityof employee healthbenefitsdesignedfor our clients.. . . While thegoalof loweringcostswithout cuttingdownonqualitymayseemimpossiblemyteamandI wereableto achievethese goalsby leveragingmytechnical,dataminingandanalysisskills.. . . In our casedata mining helpedin the recognitionof loopholesin the existinghealthplansthat cost employersmillionsof dollarsandalsoprovidedthe informationneededto designand developnewefficientandcosteffectivehealthplans. In 2010,I establisheda smallbusiness,eFusionLLC focusedon thedevelopmentof affordablecuttingedgetechnologysolutionsthatenhanceperformance,driveupprofits andgrowthfor itsclients.. . . In additionto continuingmy work on improvinghealthbenefitsadministrationby maintainingmy employmentwith AonHewitt,I intend[to] vigorouslypursuethe developmentof cuttingedgeapplications. CurrentlyI amworking on thedevelopmentof a cloudbasedapplicationto supportthe executionof HCAHPS (Hospital ConsumerAssessmentof HealthcareProvidersand Systems)initiatives.. . . This systemis beingdesignedto enablehealthproviders' measure[sic],monitorandimprovetheirkeyperformanceindicators(KPI's).. . . Based on initial researchconducted,it hasbeenestablishedthatthis systemwouldguarantee ourclientsa23.6%improvementin theirKPI's in thefirstquarterpostimplementation, henceimprovinghealthcareintheUnitedStates. The petitioner'spreviously submittedrésumédid not mentioncurrent employmentwith Aon Hewitt; it indicatedthat the petitionerworked for Hewitt Associates(later renamedAon Hewitt, sometimeswritten as "AonHewitt" with no space)as a technicalanalystfrom January2009to January2011. USCISrecordsindicatethat, at the time shefiled the petition on September26, 2011,the petitionerheld H-1B nonimmigrantstatuspermittingher to work for Ox Back Office Solutionsandnowhereelse. The approvalof an earlierpetitionpermittedherto work for Hewitt Associates,but USCIS revoked that approvalin February2011 after the petitioner changed employers. Hewitt Associatesthen filed a new Form I-129 nonimmigrantpetition on the Page6 beneficiary'sbehalfon September28, 2011(at roughlythe sametime that the petitionerfiled her Form I-140 petition). The approvalof that petitionpermittedthe petitionerto work for Hewitt beginningApril 19,2012,but statementsin therecordappearto indicatethatthepetitionerresumed herwork atHewittbeforethatdate. Any work that the petitionerperformedat Aon Hewitt after the petition's filing date cannot retroactivelyestablisheligibility for the benefitsought. An applicantor petitionermustestablish thatheor sheis eligiblefor therequestedbenefitatthetime of filing thebenefitrequest.8 C.F.R. § 103.2(b)(1). USCIScannotproperlyapprovethe petition at a futuredateafterthe petitioneror beneficiarybecomeseligibleundera newsetof facts. SeeMatterofKatigbak, 14I&N Dec.45,49 (Reg'l Comm'r 1971). Thepetitionersubmittedthreewitnessletters. systemsanalystatAon Hewitt,praised thepetitioner's"uniquebackgroundandherability to completeprojectsefficiently," andstatedthat the petitioner "was very involved" in adaptingthe company'ssystemsto comply with the Children's Health InsuranceProgramReauthorizationAct. statedthat the petitioner's "other significantachievementsincludethe designand developmentof healthplans for Annual Enrollment, databasemanagementand web portal managementamongothers. Her work is innovativeandcuttingedgeandheraccomplishmentsasa SystemsAnalystfar exceeds[sic] those of herpeersatthesamecareerstage" now a systemsadministratorat Bunch & Associates,Inc., was previouslythe director of applicationsat Ox Back Office Solutions,and worked with the petitioner in that capacity. As anexampleof "[a]n outstandingaccomplishment," citedthepetitioner's "developmentof high-qualityuserinterfaceelementsthatensuredtop notchaestheticqualityacross applications." Professor of LaneCollegehired the petitioner'scompanyeFusion"to establisha webpresence,whichwould createawarenessabout Jbooksandworksof art." stated:"[The petitioner]createdanexcellentdesignthat exceededmy expectations. . . and shestill continuesto provideongoingsupportfor theproject." The letters quotedabovedo not distinguish the petitioner from her peersto an extent that would justify approvingthe national interestwaiver. Client satisfactionis an important goal, but it does not warrantspecialimmigrationbenefits. Improvingandoptimizing systemsfor employersand clients appear to be basic duties of computer analysts,rather than inherently influential achievements. Thethird andfinal sectionof the petitioner'ssupplementalsubmissionbearsthe heading"Other Documents/Publicationsthat EstablishBeneficiary'sEligibility for the NationalInterestWaiver." The materialswithin this section are generalbackgroundmaterialsfrom the Associationfor ComputingMachinery and the Bureauof Labor Statistics. Theseitems do not mentionthe petitioner at all. Therefore,at best they provide general information about the petitioner's occupation. Page7 Thedirectorissuedarequestfor evidenceon February1,2012,instructingthepetitionerto "submit documentaryevidence"to meetthe guidelinesset forth in NYSDOT. In response,the petitioner submittedcopiesof previouslysubmittedmaterialsandnewinformationaboutheremployment. Thepetitionerstatedthatthebenefitfrom herwork is nationalin scopebecause"AonHewitt is the leading provider of benefit administrationservicesin the United States. . . , handling the administrationof healthcare for more than 9 million employeesand retirees." The petitioner contendedthat,owingto heremployer'sreach,her"work isusednationally." In terms of what differentiatesher from her peers,the petitioner statedthat her "mix of IT [informationtechnology]andBusinessbackgroundsis rarein theIT industry." Thepetitionerlisted aspectsof various projects she undertook at Aon Hewitt, and stated:"Working to improve healthcarein the UnitedStatesis the coreof what I do now andprojectto do goingforward." The petitionerstatesthat her work at Aon Hewitt (both beforesheleft that companyand after she returned)andat eFusionhaveledto reducedcosts,betterregulatorycomplianceandotherbenefits to healthcareconsumers,employersandtheUnitedStatesasawhole. Thepetitionersubmittedbackgroundinformationaboutrisinghealthcarecosts,butno documentary evidenceshowingthat her personalefforts have held down coststhat otherwisewould have increased.Thematerialssubmittedoffer no objectivemeansto comparethepetitioner'swork with thatof otherprofessionalsin herspecialty. Two further recommendationletters accompaniedthe petitioner's responseto the requestfor evidence.Aon Hewittsystemsanalyst stated: [Thepetitioner's]pastwork hasprovidedgreatbenefitsto employersandemployees. While her work is part of a largercorporation,shehasplayedan enormousrole in ensuringthatthe solutionsdeliveredto the clientsaretop class.. . . [T]he national scopeandbenefitof her work is evidentin the numberof client's employeeswho rely onourbenefitmanagementsystemfor theirhealthbenefitsneeds.. . . A good portion of employeebenefitscostsis a direct result of poor administration. For the past couple of months she has been working on a project . . . aimed at eliminating costly errors in automaticpremium processing,when implementedthe solutionwill guaranteethat the employerno longeraccruesunwantedexpensesin the form [of] underbilling andthe employeecanrestassuredthatthey[will] not get overbilledfor healthbenefits. now anemployeeretirementspecialistat Skadden,Arpt, Slate,Meagher& Flom LLP, "becameacquaintedwith [the petitioner]while working asa Calc EngineSpecialistat AonHewitt." [The petitioner's] work at AonHewitt is highly recognized. She has worked tirelessly on many client teamsand projects.. . . . Her work on the Annual enrollmentprojectshavebeenespeciallyrecognizedbecauseshedeliverstop notch solutionsto herclients. Page8 Sheplayeda majorrole on theretirementbenefitsprojectfor KeyCorp. Theclient was seekinga cost efficient way to make availablehealth benefits for retired employeesandtheir family memberswho were ineligible for Medicare.. . . Her solutionwasn'tjust costeffectivebut it providedeasyaccessto thesebenefitsfor the end users. Consideringthe age of our end users,sherecognizedthat the web platformalonemay not be the mostefficient way to deliverthesebenefitsandshe aidedthe developmentof a multi-channeldeliverymethod.. . . Theclient andtheir retireepopulationwerenothingbut pleasedatthedeliveryof thesolution. Without documentaryevidenceto clarify the petitioner's contributionsand frame them in the contextof thework of herpeers,the selectiveanecdotesin thewitnesslettershavelittle valueasa gaugeof thepetitioner'scontributionsto herfield. The director deniedthe petition on July 3, 2012. The director found that the petitionerhad establishedthe substantialintrinsic merit of her occupation,but that "the recordfails to showthat the beneficiary'swork at her employerrisesto the level of nationalin scope." Thedirectoralso foundthatthepetitionerhadnot documentedapatternof impactor influencein herfield thatwould warrantapprovalof thenationalinterestwaiver. On appealfrom thedirector'sdecision,counselcontendsthat thedirector's"decisiondid not give properweight to compellingevidence"in the record,andthat the director"appliedan incorrect legalstandard." Apart from thesegeneralclaims,counselpursuesonly oneavenuein anydetail. Specifically,counselquotesfrom severalpreviouslysubmittedwitnessletters,andassertsthatthese materialsoughtto besufficient to establisheligibility for thewaiver. TheBoardof ImmigrationAppeals(BIA) hasheldthattestimonyshouldnot bedisregardedsimply becauseit is "self-serving."See,e.g.,Matterof S-A-,22 I&N Dec.1328,1332(BIA 2000)(citing cases).The BIA also held, however: "We not only encourage,but requirethe introductionof corroborativetestimonialanddocumentaryevidence,whereavailable."Id. If testimonialevidence lacks specificity, detail, or credibility, there is a greater need for the petitioner to submit corroborativeevidence.Matter of Y-B-,21 I&N Dec. 1136(BIA 1998). The submittedlettersarenot without weight and havereceivedconsiderationabove. USCIS may, in its discretion, useasadvisoryopinions statementssubmittedasexperttestimony. SeeMatter of Caron International, 19 I&N Dec. 791, 795 (Comm'r 1988). However,USCIS is ultimately responsiblefor making the final determinationregardingan alien's eligibility for the benefit sought. Id. The submissionof letters from expertssupportingthe petition is not presumptive evidenceof eligibility; USCISmay, asabove,evaluatethe contentof thoselettersasto whether they supportthe alien's eligibility. USCISmay evengive lessweight to an opinion that is not corroborated,in accordwith other informationor is in any way questionable.Seeid. at 795;see alsoMatterof V-K-,24I&N Dec.500,502n.2(BIA 2008)(notingthatexpertopiniontestimony doesnot purportto be evidenceasto "fact"). SeealsoMatter ofSoffici, 22 I&N Dec. 158, 165 (Comm'r 1998)(citing Matter of TreasureCraft of California, 14 I&N Dec. 190(Reg'l Comm'r 1972)). Page9 Counselacknowledgesthat thewitnesseshaveall workedwith thepetitionerin somecapacity,but assertsthat this fact should not automaticallydiscredit the letters or reduce their weight. Nevertheless,suchletterscannotserveasfirst-handevidenceof thepetitioner'swider impact. The petitionerhasclaimedthat herwork with national-levelclientshasaffectedmillions of healthcare consumers.Thepetitionerhasofferedseveralclaimsto that effect,but no documentaryevidence. Furthermore,working with a national-levelclientelecan, by itself, addressthe "nationalscope" aspectof theNYSDOTguidelines,but furtherpersuasiveevidenceis necessaryto showthatit is in thenationalinterestto ensurethatthepetitioner,ratherthanaqualifiedUnitedStatesworker,isthe oneworking with that clientele. Witnesseshaveassertedthat the petitionerhasmadeimprovementsin varioussystemsrelatingto healthplanimplementation.Therecord,however,lackspersuasive,objectiveevidenceto showthat the petitioner'saccomplishmentsin that areasubstantiallyexceedwhat anemployerwould expect of anyqualifiedemployeeperformingthosetasks. Fulfilling one'sjob dutiesis not groundsfor the nationalinterestwaiver. Thepetitionerclaimsespeciallysignificantachievementsin her field, but the recordoffers minimal informationaboutthe natureand extentof thoseachievements.The recordcontainsno documentaryevidenceto show,for instance,that the petitioner'sefforts have substantiallyreducedhealthcarecostsor improvedhealthcaredeliveryfor significantnumbersof peoplein theUnitedStates,or thatothershaveemulatedthepetitioner'swork in aneffort to benefit still greaternumbers.If eachprojectis client-specificandproprietary,thenthepotentialfor wider impact is necessarilyless wide-rangingthan solutions that are generally applicable,widely available,andeasilyadaptableto differentcircumstances.Thepetitionerhasshownlittle except thatherpresentandformeremployershavebeensatisfiedwith herwork. As is clearfrom a plain readingof the statute,it wasnot the intentof Congressthat everyperson qualifiedto engagein aprofessionin theUnitedStatesshouldbeexemptfromtherequirementof ajob offer basedon nationalinterest.Likewise,it doesnot appearto havebeenthe intentof Congressto grantnationalinterestwaiversonthebasisof theoverallimportanceof agivenprofession,ratherthan on themeritsof the individualalien. On the basisof the evidencesubmitted,thepetitionerhasnot establishedthata waiverof therequirementof anapprovedlaborcertificationwill be in the national interestofthe UnitedStates. The burdenof proof in theseproceedingsrestssolely with the petitioner. Section291 of the Act, 8 U.S.C.§ 1361.Thepetitionerhasnot sustainedthatburden. ORDER: Theappealisdismissed.
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