dismissed L-1B Case: Culinary Arts

MATTER OF L-L-NA, LLC 
APPEAL OF VERMONT SERVICE CENTER DECISION 
Non-Precedent Decision of the 
Administrative Appeals Office 
DATE: JULY 25, 2018 
PETITION: FORM 1-129, PETITION FOR A NONIMMIGRANT WORKER 
The Petitioner, a Mongolian hot pot rest·aurant franchisor, seeks to temporarily employ the Beneficiary 
as a master chef under the L-1 B nonirnmigrant classification for intracompany transferees. 
Immigration and Nationality Act (the Act) section 101(a)(15)(L), 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15)(L). The L-l B 
classification allows a corporation or other legal entity (including its affiliate or subsidiary) to transfer a 
qualifying foreign employee with "specialized knowledge" to work temporarily in the United States. 
The Director of the Vermont Service Center denied the petition, concluding that the record did not 
establish, as required, that: the Beneficiary possesses specialized knowledge; has been employed 
abroad as a manager, executive, or in a specialized knowledge capacity; and will be employed in the 
United States, in a specialized knowledge capacity. 
On appeal, the Petitioner asserts that the Beneficiary possesses "both special knowledge and 
advanced knowledge," and is one of only six employees with necessary knowledge of proprietary 
cooking techniques. 
Upon de nova review, we will dismiss the appeal. 
I. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 
To establish eligibility for the L-18 nonimmigrant visa classification, a qualifying organization must 
have employed the beneficiary "in a capacity that is managerial, executive, or involves specialized 
knowledge," for one continuous year within three years preceding the beneficiary's application for 
admission into the United States. Section 10l(a)(15)(L) of the Act. In addition, the beneficiary 
must seek to enter the United States temporarily to continue rendering his or her services to the same 
employer or a subsidiary or affiliate thereof in a specialized knowledge capacity. Id. The petitioner 
must also establish that the beneficiary's prior education, training, and employment qualify him or 
her to perform the intended services in the United States. 8 C.F.R. § 214.2(1)(3). 
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Matter of L-L-NA, LLC 
II. BACKGROUND 
The Petitioner is a franchisor for restaurants specializing in Inner Mongolian cui~ine, including hot 
pot and barbeque dishes. The Petitioner's parent company in China hired the Beneficiary as a chef 
in 2007, and promoted him to executive chef eight years later. 
The Petitioner asserted that the Beneficiary "possesses ... specialized knowledge to cook [the parent 
company's] hot pot, including hot pot broth, sauces, and seasonings . . . . [The Beneficiary] also 
contributed his knowledge of [the parent company's] hot pot broth into making Inner Mongolian 
flavor specialty dishes and barbeques." The Petitioner stated that the Beneficiary "will be working 
as a Master Chef' who "may occasionally work at the franchisee.'s site to provide on-site training but 
will be working at the Company's headquarter[s] most of the time." In addition to training local 
staff, the Beneficiary will "develop more specialty dishes that combine the uniqueness of Inner 
Mongolian cuisine taste as well as local flavor." The Petitioner stated that the Beneficiary's salary 
as a master chef will be $21,000 per year. i 
III. SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE 
The Director determined that the Petitioner did not establish that the Beneficiary possesses 
knowledge that is special or advanced compared to others in the same field. The Director also found 
that the record did not establish that the Beneficiary had previously been employed in a position that 
was managerial, executive, or involved specialized knowledge, and that the U.S. position involves a 
special or advanced level of knowledge. 
As a threshold issue, we must determine whether the Petitioner established that the Beneficiary 
possesses specialized knowledge. If the evidence is insufficient to establish that he possesses 
specialized knowledge, then we cannot conclude that the Beneficiary's past and intended future 
employment involve specialized knowledge. 1 
Un_der the statute, specialized knowledge consists of either: ( 1) a "special" knowledge of the 
company product and its application in international markets; or (2) an "advanced" level of 
knowledge of the processes and procedures of the company. Section 214(c)(2)(B) of the Act. 
Specialized knowledge is also defined as know~edge possessed by an individual of the petitioning 
organization's product, service, research, equipment, techniques, management or other interests and its 
application in international markets, or an advanced level of knowledge or expertise in the 
organization's processes and procedures. 8 C.F.R: § 214.2(1)(1)(ii)(D). 
As both "special" and "advanced" are relative. terms, determining whether a given beneficiary's 
knowledge is "special" or "advanced" inherently requires a comparison of the beneficiary's 
knowledge against that of others. With respect to either special or advanced knowledge, the . . 
1 The Petitioner does not claim that the Beneficiary was employed abroad in an executive or managerial capacity. 
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Matter of L-L-NA, LLC 
petitioner ordinarily must demonstrate that the beneficiary's knowledge is not commo~ly held 
throughout the particular industry and cannot be easily imparted from one person to another.· The 
ultimate question is whether the petitioner has met its burden of demonstrating by a preponderance 
of the evidence that the beneficiary's knowledge or expertise is special or advanced, and that the 
beneficiary's position requires such knowledge.2 
Once a petitioner articulates the nature of the claimed specialized knowledge, it is the weight and 
type of evidence which establishes whether or not the beneficiary actually possesses specialized 
knowledge. We cannot make a factual determination regarding a beneficiary's specialized 
knowledge if the petitioner does not, at a minimum, articulate. with specificity the nature of its 
products and services or processes and procedures, the nature of the specific industry or field 
involved, and the nature of the beneficiary's knowledge. The petitioner should also desc'ribe how 
such knowledge is typically gained within the organization, and explain how and when the 
beneficiary gained such knowledge. 
In this instance, the Petitioner claims that the Beneficiary's knowledge is both special and advanced. 
A. Special Knowledge 
Special knowledge concerns knowledge of the petitioning organization's products or services and its 
application in international markets. To establish that a beneficiary has special knowledge, the 
petitioner may meet its burden through evidence that the beneficiary has knowledge that is distinct 
or uncommon in comparison to the knowledge of other similarly employed workers in the particular 
industry. 
The Petitioner stated that the Beneficiary's familiarity with the original products and recipes will 
allow him to determine the best substitute products when it is not possible or practical to import 
ingredients from Inner Mongolia. The Petitioner initially asserted that "a limited number of 
Executive Chefs [have] been trained ·and entrusted with the [company's] secret recipes and special 
procedures." On appeal, the Petitioner makes the more specific claim that the Beneficiary is one of 
only six chefs ever to receive that training. The Petitioner also indicates, however, that the 
organization (including the foreign parent company and foreign affiliates) has over 200 franchises 
worldwide. The Petitioner does not adequately explain how these locations operate without 
knowledge of the recipes. 
Initially, the Petitioner stated that the Beneficiary's "duties and responsibilities will focus on" 
developing and adapting recipes, selecting lamb products, and training franchisees. On appeal, 
however, the Petitioner states that the Bene_ficiary will "establish a central kitchen for [the company] 
in the U.S. He will be responsible for producing~and processing all [the company's] products." This 
appears to be a substantial revision of the Beneficiary's primary responsibility. 
2 Although some aspects of the "special" and "advanced" knowledge definitions may overlap, we will address each 
element individually. : 
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Matter of L-L-NA, LLC 
Earlier, the Petitioner stated that the Beneficiary would "take charge of . .. preparation and pre­
treatment of the raw ingredients, and directing other staff for the remaining production ... to ensure 
the confidentiality of the Special Knowledge." The Petitioner's organizational chart, however, does 
not show any employees who would package and ship these materials, and the Beneficiary's own job 
description does not include packing or shipping. Furthermore, the Petitioner has specified that the 
Beneficiary would work at the company's main office, comprising 650 square feet of sublet office 
space at a business park in New Jersey. The Petitioner has not shown that this 
space is sufficiently equipped for storage, packing, and shipping of perishable ingredients. 
The record refers to "[p]re-packaged ... sauces, imported from China," but the Beneficiary, working 
in New Jersey, would not be involved in the preparation or shipment of those sauces. 
The current statutory and regulatory definitions of "specialized knowledge" do not include a 
requirement that a beneficiary's knowledge be proprietary. Thus, whether the knowledge is 
proprietary or not, a-petitioner must still establish that the knowledge utilized in the proposed 
position and possessed by the beneficiary is in fact specific to, the petitioning organization, and 
somehow different from that possessed by similarly-employed personnel in the industry. The 
Petitioner, like other restaurateurs, may have its own secret recipes, but the Petitioner has not 
sufficiently shown that its recipes are inherently more difficult to learn or prepar~ than those of rival 
companies. 
The Petitioner stated: 
[The Beneficiary] obtained the Special Knowledge through the half-year intensive 
training, which is offered only to a very limited number of top and senior Chefs who 
are to be b_ound by an indefinite confidentiality agreement with the Foreign Parent 
Company .... 
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The Special Knowledge is specialized knowledge because it creates a unique . . . 
Inner Mongolian hotpot flavor that is di_stinguishable from all other hot pot flavors 
around China. · 
The foreign parent company stated: 
[The Beneficiary] is one of a limited number of Executive Chefs who has been 
trained and entrusted with the secret r~cipes and special procedures to make the 
[company's] hotpot broth, including but not limited to "Magical Broth ," Hot Broth, 
Tomato Broth, Fungus Broth, etc. as . well as the techniques of cooking Inner 
Mongolian Specialty Dishes .... 
The foreign company indicated that, after eight years as a chef, the Beneficiary "was selected by our 
senior management ... to be trained and entrusted with the Special Knowledge" as an executive 
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Matter of L-L-NA, LLC 
chef. The Petitioner indicated that the Benefic_iary "started the half-year intensive training on or 
about January 26, 2015 and completed on or about July 31, 2015." When this training began, the 
Beneficiary signed a confidentiality• agreement regarding certain meat handling and cooking 
techniques. A translated CQPY of the Beneficiary's "Advanced Techniques and Management Skills 
Training Plan" divided the Beneficiary's training into three sections: 
• Ingredients Processing, 78 days 
• Meat Slaughter and Processing, 62 days 
• Function Department, 30 days 
The document is inconsistent regarding the total; number of days of training. The days attributed to 
the individual courses add up to 170, but the tqtal at the bottom of the "days" column shows 135 
days. (The schedule also showed six days of.' training during a five-day period in April.) The 
"Function Department" training concerned administrative matters unrelated to food preparation. 
Although the Petitioner had previously claimed that "[m]any years of experience [are] required to 
master the cooking and boiling skill to make the perfect broth," the schedule showed; at most, 43 
days of broth-related training from March 1 through April 12. 
The Director determined that the Petitioner had not established that the Beneficiary's knowledge of 
Inner Mongolian cooking "cannot be easily possessed by other professional chefs in the industry." 
The Director also noted that a substantial fraction of the Beneficiary's "'Advanced Techniques and 
Management Skills Training Plan" involved general business practices not specific to chefs. On 
appeal, the Petitioner does not adequately address these concerns. The assertion that few chefs have 
received certain training does not establisp or imply that only a few chefs are capable of absorbing 
and retaining that training . 
.The lack of consistency in describing the Bene~iciary's intended duties raises additional questions 
and doubts. The Petitioner's new assertion that"the ·Beneficiary will "establish a central kitchen" is 
incompatible with earlier descriptions which appeared to presume that the kitchen was already 
operational. The location of this kitchen is uncertain, absent evidence that the sublet office space 
can be converted into a kitchen. 
When considering the claim that the Petitioner provides ingredients to its franchisees, we note that 
the Petitioner's 2016 tax return reported only $100,000 in sales. Without invoices or comparable 
documentation, we cannot determine whether this sum represented sales of food products, franchise 
fees, other expenses, or some combination thereof. Most of the company's income that year came 
from sales of business property. The Petitioner described itself as a "full service" restaurant on that 
tax return, but did not show that the sublet office'. space is a full service restaurant. The company did 
not declare depreciation on restaurant equipment; the only depreciation claimed related to the 
"company car." 1 
For the above reasons, the record does not establish that the Beneficiary possesses special 
knowledge otthe company's services and their application in international markets. 
Matter of L-L-NA, LLC 
B. Advanced Knowledge 
Because "advanced knowledge" concerns knowledge of an organization's processes and procedures, 
the Petitioner may meet its burden through evidence that the Beneficiary has knowledge of or an 
expertise in the organization's processes and procedures that is greatly developed or further along in 
progress, complexity, and understanding in comparison to other workers in the employer's 
operations. Such advanced knowledge must be supported by evidence setting that knowledge apart 
from the elementary or basic knowledge possessed by others. 
As noted above, the Petitioner asserted that "[m}any years of experience [are] required to master the 
cooking and boiling skill to make the perfect broth," but the Petitioner also stated that, once in the 
United States, the Beneficiary "will deliver onsite training ... regarding cooking techniques for [the 
parent company's] hot pot broth, specialty dishes, [and] barbeque marinades." The Petitioner did 
not provide further details about the training that the Beneficiary would provide. Therefore, the 
Petitioner did not show how this presumably short-term onsite training would differ from the 
training the Beneficiary himself received. 
To differentiate the Beneficiary's knowledge f~om other employees within the pet1t10ning 
organization, we must review the duties of those employees in similar positions, as well as their 
training, education, and length of experience with the petitioning organization's mission. Here, the 
Petitioner does not claim to directly employ any :other chefs, and it has not detailed the education or 
training possessed by its other employees or its franchisees' chefs. The Petitioner does not describe 
how this Beneficiary's work and responsibilities differ from other employees or how other 
employees gained their knowledge of the petitioning organization. The Petitioner has not 
established that the Beneficiary's knowledge is advanced within the petitioning organization's own 
operations. (The assertion that the Beneficiary received further training after eight years does not 
establish that a chef must have eight years of experience to be ready for that training.) 
In sum, the record does not demonstrate that. the Beneficiary's combination of experience and 
knowledge of the Petitioner's recipes and methods has given him knowledge that is distinct or 
uncommon compared to similarly employed workers in the industry or others within the petitioning 
company or that is greatly developed or further along in progress, complexity, and understanding in 
comparison to other work~rs in the employer's operations. 
While the Beneficiary may be a valuable employee who fs well-qualified for the proposed position 
in the United States, the record does not establish that the Beneficiary possesses special or advanced 
knowledge. ' 
For the reasons discussed above, the evidence· submitted does not establish that the Beneficiary 
possesses specialized knowledge and will be employed in a specialized knowledge capacity with the 
Petitioner in the United States. See Section 214(c)(2)(B) of the Act. 
Matter of L-L-NA, LLC 
IV. CONCLUSION . 
The Petitioner did not establish that the Beneficiary possesses specialized knowledge 
ORDER: The appeal is dismissed. 
Cite as Matter of L-L-NA, LLC, ID# 1296470 (AAO July 25, 2018) 
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