remanded L-1B Case: Litigation Support Services

US Department of Homeland Security 
20 Massachuse~ts Ave., N W.. Rm. A3042 
Washington, Df 20529 
U.S. Citizenship 
and Irnmiggation 
Services ' 
FILE: WAC 04 180 50142 Office: CALEFORNIA SERVICE CENTER Date{ HOV 1 0 2005 
IN RE: 
PETITION: Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker Pursuant to Section IOl(a)(IS)(L) of the 1)nmigation 
and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. 5 1 101 (a)(15)(L) 
ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER: 
INSTRUCTIONS: 
I 
This is the dec~sion of the Administrative Appeals Office in your case. All documents have bee+ returned to 
the office that originally decided your case. Any further inquiry must be made to that office. 
WAC 04 180 50142 
Page 2 
DISCUSSION: The Director, Califomla Service Center, denied the petltion for a nonimm~grant vlsa. The 
matter 1s now before the Administrative Appeals Office (AAO) on appeal. The director's dlectslon will be 
w~thdrawn and the matter remanded for further consideration and a new decision. 
The petitioner filed this nonimmigrant petition seeking to employ the beneficiary as an L-1B nonimmigrant 
intracompany transferee with specialized knowledge pursuant to section 101(a)(l5)(L) of the Immigmtion and - - 
Nationality Act (the Act), 8 U.S.C. $ I l0l(a)(l5)(~). The petitioner, a 
provides litigation support services, and claims that it is a subsidiary of located in 
Manila, philippine;'. The petitioner seeks to employ the beneficiary as azect manager for a three-year 
period. 
I 
The director denied the petition concluding that the petitioner failed to establish that the beneficiary has 
specialized knowledge or that she will be employed in a capacity that invojves specialized knowledge. The 
director noted that the petitioner had not provided a clear description of the, services provided by the 
petitioner, or a clear description of how the beneficiary's position requires the services of an individual who 
possesses specialized knowledge. The director found that the petitioner had not established that the 
beneficiary's knowledge is uncommon, noteworthy, or distinguished and not generally hown by practitioners 
in the beneficiary's field. 
On appeal, counsel for the petitioner asserts that the petitioner: (I) clearly described the services offered by 
the petitioner and its parent company; (2) provided a detailed explanation of the specialized and proprietary 
knowledge required for the offered position; and (3) provided ample evidence that the beneficiary's 
knowledge is proprietary, uncommon, and not generally known in the petitioner's field. Caunsel refers to 
three Immigration and Naturalization Service (now Citizenship and Immigration Services) memoranda that 
provide guidance ,in. the interpretation of specialized knowledge and contends that the beneficiary meets the 
cr~teria outlined in the memoranda. Finally, counsel contends that the director was obligated to issue a request 
for additional evidence before denying the petition if he did not understand the evidence submitted or 
otherwise found it t6 be insufficient. 
To establish eligibiljty for the nonimmigrant L-1 visa classification, the petitioner must meet the crite~ia 
outlined in section lOl(a)(15)(L) of the Act. Specifically, within three years preceding the beneficiary's 
application for admission into the United States.a qualifying organization must have employed the 
beneficiary in a qualifying managerial or executive capacity, or in a specialized knowledge capacity, for one 
continuous year. ln )addition, the beneficiary must seek to enter the United States temporarily to continue 
rendering his or her services to the same employer or a subsidiary or affiliate thereof in a managerial, 
executive, or special'i&d knowledge capacity. 
The regulation at 8 C.F.R. 5 214.2(1)(3) states that an ~ndividual pet~tlon filed on Form &I29 shall be 
accompan~ed by: 
(i) Evidence that the petitioner and the organization which employed or will eqnploy the 
alien are qualifying organizations as defined in paragraph (l)(i)(ii)(~) of this seition. 
WAC 04 1 80 501 42 
page 3 
(ii) ~vidence 'that the alien will be 'employed in an, executive, managerial, or specialized 
knowledge capacity, including a detailed description of the services to be performed. 
(iii) Evidence that the alien has at least one continuous year of full-time employment abroad , 
with a qualifying organization within the three years preceding the filing of the petition. 
(iv) Evrdence that the allen's pr~or year of employment abroad was tn a poation that was 
managenal, executive or involved specialized lcnowledge and that the alien's pnor 
education, tralnmg, and employment qual~fies himiher to perform the ~ntended services in 
the Un~ted States; however, the work In the Unrted States need not be the same work 
which the alien performed abroad. 
This matter presents two related, but distinct issues: (1) whether the beneficiary possesses specialized 
knowledge; and (2) whether the proposed employment is in a capacity that requires specralized knowledge. 
Sect~on 214(c)(2)(~) of the Act, 8 U.S.C. 9 1184(c)(2)(B), provides the following: 
For purpose's of section 10l(a)(15)(L), an alien is considered to be serving in a capaclty 
involving skcialized knowledge with respect to a company if the alien has a special 
knowledge of the company product and its application in international markets or has an 
advanced level of knowledge of processes and procedures of the company. 
Furthermore, the reghation at 8 C.F.R. 4 214.2(1)(l)(ii)(D) defines "specialized knowledge" as! 
[SJpecial- knowledge possessed by an individual of the petitioning organization's product, 
service, research, equipment, techniques, management, or other interests and its application in 
international markets, or an advanced level of knowledge or expertise in the organiaation's 
processes and procedures. 
The petitioner submitted the nonimmigrant petition on June 10, 2004. In a June 1, 2004 letter submitted with 
the petition, the petitioner indicated that the beneficiary satisfies four criteria of specialized knowledge as 
outlined in a 1987 Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) memorandum in that she: (I) possesses 
lcnowledge that is va!uable to the employer's competitiveness in the marketplace; (ii) is uniquely qualified to 
contribute to the U.S: employer's knowledge of foreign operating conditions; (iii) has been a key employee 
abroad and has been given significant assignments that have enhanced the employer's productivity, 
competitiveness, image, or financial position; and (iv) possesses knowledge that can only be gained through 
extensive prior experience with that employer. See Memo. from Richard E. Norton, Associate Commissioner, 
Examinations, USINS, to Regional Commissioners et al, ~nterpretation of Specialized Knowledge Utider the 
L Ckznificafion, CO ~I~.ZL-P (October 26, 1988), reprinted in 65 No 43. interpreter Releases 11 70. 1194 
(Nov. 7, 1988). ( "Norton Memo") 
The petitioner indicated that'the offired position "is crucial to [the petitioner] because overall business 
management is provided'by the Project Managers like [the beneficiary] who possLss current expertise in [the 
WAC 04 180 501 42 
Page 4 
fore~gn entity's] offshore production technology." The pet~tioner provlded the following dascnpt~on of the 
proposed dut~es: 
As a Project Manager, [the beneficiary] applies proprietary knowledge of SPl's international 
data conversion services that she acquired through 9 years of progressively responsible work 
experience with [the foreign entity]. {The beneficiary] provides technical and client services 
supervision to coding and indexing projects that are executed at [the foreign entity's] offshore 
production facilities. [The beneficiary] will report directly to the Director 'of Project 
Management of '[the petitioner]. The Project ~ana~er will effectively manage the 
development of [a] cross-functional project team (up to 20 people), guide the decision 
making process, develop and maintain timelines for each project, ensure integrity from 
operation and long-range perspectives, track project progress, and provide project 
management interface between clients and the [foreign entity's] production facilities. 
.Specifically,' [the beneficiary] will be responsible for: 
Client Specifications and Requirements: 
Receiv~ng, reviewing and distributing client specifications to the SPI project team 
Approving project specifications and updates. . . 
Ensurjng all project information is disseminated to the SPI project team. 
Serving as client interface by coordinatinglcommunicating directly with the client. on 
mattersL involving project instructions, job queries, production schedules, accuracy 
requirements and pricing. 
. Production Activities: 
Presiding over a joint productiodsystem meeting to discuss procedural details on how to 
achieve initial production parameters. 
Determining initial production parameters based on preliminary ,workflow and pricing 
review. ., 
Coordinating matters reIated to project instructions, accuracy, quality requirements and 
related programs. 
Initiating preventive/corrective measures and coordinates with the SPI project tetam on 
qualify-related issues. 
These dutles are directly related to the processes and procedures used at SPl's overseas 
faclhty. No U.S. workers, except for those transferred to the U.S. by [the fore~gn entity], who 
[sic] would have the requ~site knowledge of SPI's propnetary data conversion technology. 
The petitioner further indicated that its corporate group had been the first computer database manufacturer in 
the world to receive 1~0 9002 certification. The petitioner stated that its technology "allows it to complete 
projects faster and more costeffective than any other method in the industry," and indicated that the company 
"utilizes a five-stage quality control process involving a proprietary application that performs boss-database 
correlations on coded and image databases, and scans all records for errors. [The group's] proprietary 
technology is not available on the open market." The petitioner also indicated that it had rectntly signed a 
WAC 04 1 80 50 142 
Page 5 I 
contract with Corporation to provide litigation support services for a leading U.S. national law firm 
which would involve transaction coding of medical documents with an estimated volume of one million 
pages. 
4 
With respect to the:beneficiary's qualifications, the petitioner indicated that she had completed a bachelor's 
degree in civil engineering. The petitioner also briefly outlined the beneficiary's employment h~story, which 
includes five years of experience as a document analyst with an unrelated company and two years of 
experience as a production supervisor with the foreign entity, where she was responsible for supervising, 
monitoring, and implementing data conversion systems for an automated mapping/facilities management 
project. The petitioner indicated that the beneficiary currently works as a project officer at the foreign entity's 
headquarters performing the following duties: . 
[The beneficiary] is responsible for analyzing, designing, developing and implementing data 
conversion systems for ,database creation projects utilizing [the foreign entity's] proprietary 
production resources. {The beneficiary] also acts as [the foreign entity's] interface with the 
client. [The beneficiary] has been involved in the corporation project since its 
inception, and has been instrumental in the project set-up of [the foreign entity's] facility. 
[The beneficiary] has been interfacing directly with [the client] and Corporation, and 
is uniquely qualified to manager [sic] this project. 
The petrboner also submitted the beneficiary's resume that lists over twenty seminars she atlended between 
1995 and 2004. The resume does not ~ndlcate whether the training seminars, which include project 
management, busrness commumcations, stress management, team building, superv~sory development, and 
customer servlce leadership courses, were provided by the fore~gn entity or by an external provider. 
In support of the petition, the petitioner provided: (1) the corporate group's 2002 annual report; (2) company 
brochures, newsletters, and information from the company's web site further describing the petitioner's 
litigation support services, methodologies and quality management processes; and (3) an organizational chart 
for the U.S. company. The organizational chart indicates that the petitioner's project managernmt department 
currently employs a director, project management, and a project manager, who were both previously 
employed with the foreign parent company.' With respect to the project manager position, the petitioner's 
company newsletter states: , 
For additional staffing of the U.S. project management office, we have established a program 
of bringing ,experienced project oficers from our Philippine facility to the U.S. for 
~nternships of approximately one year. This approach to staffing serves the dual purpose of 
providing experienced senlor-level staffing In our U.S. office, and sending mterns back to the 
Philippines after their tenure w~th a did appreciation of our clients' needs. 
' Citizenship and Immigration Services (CIS) records show that the petitioner's director of project 
management and project manager were employed as L-I A inhacompany transferees. 
WAC 04 180 50142 
Page 6 
The director denled the petltion on June 24, 2004, conclud~ng that the pet~tloner had not establrshed that the 
beneficiary has speclal~zed knowledge or that she will be employed m the Unlted States In a pos~t~on 
requtnng spectallzed knowledge. Spectfically, the dlrector noted: 
The petitioner has not described the employer's business activities in.a manner.that albws for 
a clear understanding of the products and services that are provided by the' employer to its 
customers, and how the beneficiary's position requires the services of an individual who 
possesses specialized knowledge. 
Merely indicating that the beneficlary has 9 years of progressively [sic] work experience w~th 
[the foreign entity] does not demonstrate specialized knowledge. The petitloner failed to 
submit probative evidence to demonstrate that the beneficiary is employed or will be 
employed m a capacity involving specialized knowledge. 
It appears th USCIS that the beneficlary is a slulled Project Manager experienced w~th the 
petlhoner's part~cular services. However, the USCIS does not find that simple experlence and 
fam~liarity constitutes "spec~al howledge["] with~n the meaning of sect~on 214(c)(2)(B) of 
the Act. 
On appeal, counsel fbr the petitioner contends that the evidence on record establishes that the director erred in 
his review of the facts and application of the law. Counsel asserts that the petitjoner clearly described its 
business activities and provides a detailed summary of the information and documentation submitted with the 
initial petition regarding the petitioner and the' services it provides. with respect to the beneficiary's 
specialized howled& qualifications, counsel re-states portions of the petitioner's June 1, 2004 letter and 
asserts: 
The petltloner clearly stated it IS transfemng the beneficlary solely to oversee the = 
orporatlon project, As stated In the employer support letter, 
the beneficiary has been involved in this project since its inception. The beneficiary was 
selected for this overseas assignment because she has been instrumental in establishing and 
customizing [the foreign entity's] capabilities to satisfy the customers' requirements. The 
beneficiary has been interfacing directly with the and the 
corporation and is uniquely qualified . . . to manage this project. 
Counsel further states: "The key to the petitioner's business is'the in-house production facility located at the 
company's headquarters in the Philippines utilizing proprietary technology and processes. U.S: projects are 
transferred to the offshore facility and Project Managers are transferred to the.U.S. to oversee the project." 
Counsel contends that the petitioner provided detailed descriptions of the beneficiary's job duties, the U.S. 
project, and the petitioner's proprietary technology, and "established a nexus between the job duties and the 
1: 
WAC 04 180 50142 
Page 7 
U.S. project." Counsel states: "[NJo reasonable person could conclude the petitioner failed to describe how 
the beneficiary's position requires the services of an individual who possesses specialized knowledge." 
Finally, counsel objects to the director's findings that the petitioner had not established that the beneficiary's 
knowledge is "uncommon, noteworthy, or distinguished and not generally known by practitioners in the 
bcneficiary's field." Counsel notes that the director failed to acknowledge the five years of industry 
experience gained by the beneficiary prior to joining the foreign entity, giving her a total of fourteen years of 
experience in litigation support services. Counsel further refers to the aforementioned Norton memo, as well 
as 1994 and 2002 INS memoranda regarding the adjudication of L-1B petitions, noting that thcse memoranda 
set forth the standards for specialized knowledge. See Memo. from James A. Puleo, Acting Exec. Assoc. 
Comrnr., Office of Operations, Immigration and Naturalization Serv., to AH Dist. Dir. et al., Ihterpretation of 
Special Knowledge, 1-2 (March 9, 1994) (copy on file with Am. Immig. Law Assn.)("PuIeo Memo"); Memo. 
from Fujie Ohata, Assoc. Commr., Service Center Operations, lminigration and Naturalization Serv., to All 
Service Center Directors, Interpretation of Specialized Knowledge, HQSCOPS 70/6.1, [December 20, 
ZOO2)(copy on file with Am. Immig. Law Assn.)("Ohata Memo") 
Counsel states that the beneficiary satisfies five criteria or characteristics of an individual with "specialized 
knowledge" as outlined in the Puleo Memo. First, counsel contends that the beneficiary possesses knowledge 
that is valuable to the employer's competitiveness in the marketplace, explaining: "[The foreign entity] 
utilizes a five-stage quality control process involving a proprietary application that performs crossdatabase 
correlations on coded and image databases and scans all records for errors." Counsel further claims: 
The petitioner's proprietary technology and proce 
allowing the, company to land U.S. contracts like th 
Corporation project. The success of this proje 
technology between petitioner's overseas facility and the U.S. subsidiary. The petitioner 
could not service this contract without an individual, such 'as the beneficiary, trained and 
qualified in-house at [the foreign entity.] 
Refemng to the Puleo Memo, counsel fiuther contends that the beneficiary is qualified to cannibute to the 
petitioner's knowledge of foreign operating conditions as a result of special knowledge not generally found in 
the industry; has been utilized abroad in a capacity involving significant assignments which have enhanced 
the employer's productivity, competitiveness, image or financial position; possesses knowledgle which could 
be gained only through prior experience with the foreign employer; and possesses knowledge sf a product or 
process which cannot be easily transferred or taught to another individual. Counsel notes thati the petitioner 
submitted the beneficiary's resume, which "outlines her extensive training regimen and dstablishes her 
advanced knowledge of [the foreign entity's] proprietary technology.", Counsel asserts that knowledge of the 
petitioner's proprietary technologies can only be gained with the parent company, and refemng to Matter of 
'Penner, 18 I&N Dec. 49 (Comm. 1988), states that a distinction can be made between a person with skills and 
knowledge to produce a product through physical or skilled labor and an individual who cames out a key 
process or function essential to the company's operation. Counsel notes that the beneficiary will be managing 
a project rather than performing hands-on document coding and indexing services, and, due to her 
involvement in setting up the ~or~oration project overseas, is uniquely qualified tp manage the 
WAC 04 180 50142 
Page 8 
1 
project. Counsel states that the beneficiary is one of the few employees within the foreign entity qualified for 
the U.S. position based on her involvement in setting up the project overseas, and claims: "In order to transfer 
the knowledge an individual must be trained at the [the foreign entity's] headquarters in Manila in [the foreign 
entity's] proprietary processes, procedures and technology for several years." 
Counsel concludes that the director "failed to consider the description of beneficiary's 9 years of 
progressively responsible work experience with the parent company [sic] private and proprietary operations. 
Considering an L-IB petition can be submitted with only 6 months of work experience abroad under the 
revised blank [sic] regulations, the beneficiary's work experience and qualifications is not an issue." Counsel 
comments that the director denied the petition without issuing a request for evidence, and notes that if the 
director "failed to understand the petition or was unwilling to review the extensive documentation, then, at a 
minimum, it should have issued a Request for Evidence." 
Upon review, the director's decision will be withdrawn and the matter remanded for further consideration and 
a new decision. 
The regulation at 8 C.F.R. 4 103.2(b)(8) states: 
If there is ,evidence of ineligibility in the record, an application or petition shall be denied on 
that basis notwithstanding any lack of required initial evidence . . . . [I]n other instances 
where there is no evidence of ineligibility, and initial evidence or eligibility information is 
missing or the Service finds that the evidence submitted either does not fully establish 
eligibility for the requested benefit or raises underlying questions regarding eligibilQ, the 
Service shall request the missing initial evidence, and may request additional evidence , . . . 
The director examined the petitioner's evidence and determined that the petitioner had not submitted 
sufficient evidence to establish whether the beneficiary was employed abroad in a position which invoIved 
specialized knowledge, or to establish that the position offered in .the United States requires a person with 
specialized knowledge specific to the petitioner's products or processes. 
However, the record as presently constituted does not contain any evidence of clear ineligibility that would 
justify the director's decision to deny the petition without first requesting additional evidenae or issuing a 
notice of intent to deny the petition. See 8 C.F.R. 8 103.2(b)(8); see also Memo. of William R. Yates, 
Associate Director, Operations, USCIS, to Regional Directors, et af, Requests for Evidence (RFE) and Notices 
of intent to Deny (NOID), HQOPRD 70/2 (February 16, 2005). 
Accordingly, as the evidence of record does not directly reflect that the petitioner or beneficiary is ineligible, 
the director should not have denied the petition based on a.lack of evidence without first requesting additional 
explanation and documentation. See 8 C.F.R. $ 103.2(b)(8); 8 C.F.R. 3 214.2(1)(14)(i). The AAO agrees that 
the evidence of record raises underlying questions regarding eligibility. In such an instance, director "shall 
request the missing initial evidence, and may request additional evidence . . .. " 8 C.F.R. 4 103.2(b)(8). 
WAC 04 180 50142 
Page 9 
In examining the specialized knowledge capacity of the beneficiary, the AAO will look to the petitioner's 
des~ption of the job duties. See 8 C.F.R. 5 214.2(1)(3)(ii). The petitioner must submit a detailed description 
of the services to be performed sufficient to establish specialized knowledge. Id. 
When analyzing whether a beneficiary's knowledge rises to the level of specialized, it is also appropriate for 
the AAO to look beyond the stated job duties and consider the importance of.the beneficiary's knowledge of 
the business's product or service, management operations, or decision-making process. Matter of Colley, 18 
I&N Dec. 117, 120- (Comm. 1981) (citing Matter of Raulin, 13 I&N Dec. 618 (R.C. 1970) and Matter of 
LeBlanc, 13 I&N Dec. 816 (R.C. 1971)).* As stated by the Commissioner in Marrer of Penner, when 
considering whether the beneficiaries possessed specialized knowledge, "the LeBianc and iZbulin decisions. 
did not find that the occupations inherently qualified the beneficiaries for the classifications sought." 18 I&N 
Dec. at 52. Rather, the beneficiaries were considered to have unusual duties, skills, or knowledge beyond that 
of a skilled worker. '~d: The Commissioner also provided the following clarification: 
A distinction can be made between a person whose slalls and knowledge enable him or her to 
produce a product through physical or skrlled labor and the person who is employed primarily 
for his ability to carry out a key process or function which is important or essential to the 
business' operation. , 
Id. at 53. 
It should also be noted that the statutory definition of specialized knowledge requires the AAO to make 
comparisons in order to determine what constitutes specialized knowledge. The term "specialized howledge" 
is not an absolute concept and cannot be clearly defined. As observed in 1756, Inc. v. Attorney.Genera1, 
, "[s-jimply put, specialized knowledge is a relative . . . idea which cannot have a pla~n meaning," 745 F. Supp. 
9, 15 (D.D.C. 1990).'The Congressional record specificaIIy states that the L-1 category was innended for "key 
personnel." see genemlly, H.R: Rep. No. 91-851, 1970 U.S.C.C.A.N. 2750. The tem'"key pensonnel denotes 
a position within the petitioning company that is "of crucial importance." Webster's I. New College 
Dictionary 605 (Hhghton Mifflin Co. 2001). In general, all employees can reasonably be considered 
"important" to a petitioner's enterprise. If an employee did not contribute to the overall economic success of 
an enterprise, there would be no rational economic reason to employ that person. An employee of "crucial 
importance" or "key personnel" must rise above the level of the petitioner's average employeer. Accordingly, 
based on the definition of "specialized knowledge" arid the congressional record related to that term, the AAO 
2 Although the cited precedents pre-date the current statutory definition of "specialized knowledge," the AAO 
finds them instructive. As will be discussed, other than deleting the, former requirement that specialized 
knowledge had to be "proprietary," the Immigration Act of 1990 did not significantly alter the defin~tion of 
"specialized knowledge" From the prior INS interpretation of the term. The Committee Report simply states 
that the Committee was recommending a statutory definition because of f'[v]arying [i.e., not specifically 
incorrect] interpretations by INS," H.R. Rep. No. 101-723(I) at 69, 1990 U.S.C.C.A.N. at 6749, Beyond that, 
the Committee Report simply restates the tautology that became section 214(c)(2)(B) of the Act. Id. The AAO 
concludes, therefore, that the cited cases, as well as Matter of Penner, remain useful guidance oonceming the 
intended scope of the "specialized knowledge" L-1B dassjfication. 
WAC 04 180 50142 
Page 10 
must make comparisons not only between the claimed specialized knowledge employee and the general labor 
.market, butalso between that employee and the remainder of the petitioner's workforce. 
~eviewing the Congressional record, the Commissioner concluded in Matter of Penner that an expansive 
reading of the specialized knowledge provision, such that it would include skilled workers and technicians, is 
not warranted. The Commissioner emphasized that the specialized knowledge worker classification was not 
intended for "all employees with any level of specialized knowledge." Matter of Penner, 18 l&N Dec. at 53. 
Or, as noted in Matter of Colley, "[mlost employees today are specialists, and have been trained and given 
specialized knowledge. However, in view of the House Report, it can not be concluded that aH empIoyees 
with specialized knowledge or performing highly technical duties are eligible for classification as 
intracompany transferees." 18 I&N Dec. 117, 119 (Comm. 1981). According to Matter of Penner, "[s]uch a 
conclusion would permit extremely large numbers of persons to qualify for the 'L-1' visa" rather than the 
"key personnel" that Congress specifically intended. 18 I&N Dec. at 53; see also, 1756. Inc., 745 F. Supp. at 
15 (concludmg that Congress did not intend for the specialized knowledge, capacity to extend all employees 
with specialized knowledge, but rather to "key personnel" and "executives.") 
In this matter, the petitioner has not documented the beneficiary's claimed specialized knowledge. Although 
the petitioner has submitted voluminous documentation and explanation regarding the services provided by 
the U.S. and foreign'entities, it has provided only a brief and vague description of the beneficiary's nine years 
of employment with the foreign entity. On appeal, counsel'emphasizes that the beneficiary is one of few 
employees'capable of filling the.U.S. position, but supported this statement only with a vague reference to her 
role in the "set up': of a project for the U.S. client at the foreign entity's facility. Going on record without 
supporting documentary evidence is not sufficient for purposes of meeting the burden of proof in these 
proceedings. Matter of Soffici, 22 I&N Dec. 158, 165 (Conun. 1998) (citing Matter of Treasure Crafi of 
California, 14 I&N Dec. 190 (Reg. Comm. 1972)). To cure these deficiencies, the petitioner sbould provide a 
comprehensive description of all positions held by the beneficiary since joining the foreign entity; including 
all job duties performed, the specific knowledge and skills applied in each position, and the foreign entity's 
requirements for each position. The petitioner should also describe all projects to which the beneficiary has 
been assigned, particularly the Corporation project, and any special or advanced assignments that 
would help to establish that the beneficiary should be considered "key personnel," as discussed above. 
The petitioner has submitted a'resume for the beneficiary that provides a training summary. ~oweier, it refers 
to the training seminars by course title only. If the beneficiary has undertaken specialized training with the 
foreign entity, the petitioner shodd identify the type and length of training, the purpose of such training, and 
evidence, such as course completion certificates or other records, to establish that the beneficiary actually 
completed the. training. The petitioner should also describe the training program typically completed by 
similarly employed workers in the foreign organization. If all employees receive exactly the same training, 
mere completion of the training program is insufficient to establish that the beneficiary's knowledge is 
advanced. 
The record contains no information regarding other similarly employed workers employed by the foreign 
entity which would allow CIS to make comparisons between the beneficiary and the remainder of the foreign 
entity's workforce. The petitioner should identify the total number of workers employed at the location where 
WAC 04 180 50142 
Page I I 
the beneficiary wd;rks, the number of workers employed in the same or similar roles, and provide an 
organizational chart for the foreign entity: As noted above, the petitioner has stated that the beneficiary is one 
of "the few" employees of the foreign entity capable of performing the duties of the'positim offered in the 
United States, but did not provide documentary evidence to support this statement. The petitioner should also 
further describe the staffing of the United States entity. If the petitioner employs other workers in the position 
to be filled by the beneficiary or similar positions, it should describe how the beneficiary's duties will differ 
from those of the other emp1oyees;and describe the educational and professional background of any similarly 
employed worker. ' 
Counsel states on appeal that the beneficiary earned the offered position of project manager only after gaining 
nine years of experience with the foreign organization and its proprietary processes and technology. A review 
of current position openings available on the foreign entity's web site reveals that the company's requirements 
for a project officeriproject manager position include a college degree, two .years of experience in project 
management, knowledge of traditional project management methodologies, and organizational. leadership and 
team building slulls, The petitioner should clarify its statement that it would require years of training with the 
foreign entity in order to prepare another individual to perform the duties of a project manager. 
. In addition, the AA~ notes that the supporting company documents submitted with the initial petition indicate 
that the company transfers project managers fiom the foreign entity to complete "internships" within the 
petitioner's U.S. operations. On appeal, counsel suggests that the beneficiary is coming to the United States 
solely to manage a :specific project. The petitioner should clarify the purpose for the benef~iary's transfer 
and provide a more detailed description of the scope and anticipated length of the U.S. project. 
I 
Finally, the petitioner has not provided sufficient information or documentation regarding its proptietary 
technologies and processes that would distinguish it from other companies providing litigation support 
services. Any company offering services in this industry would reasonably utilize sophisticated quality 
control procedures and methodologies for transfemng data and coding documents. The petitioner vaguely 
referred to "proprietary technology" and indicates that the beneficiary creates or implements databases, but 
failed to provide a description of any technology that is specific to the petitioner. Nor -did the petitioner 
indicate how the beneficiary utilizes proprietary technology to perform her current duties, or how she will use 
this knowledge to manage projects in the United States. The petitioner should explain how its .technologies or 
processes differ fiom those used by other companies in its industry, and why knowledge needed to perform 
the duties qf the U.S. position could not be easily transferred to an experienced project rnana@r with similar 
experience in the petitioner's industry. 
The lack of evidence in the record as presently constituted makes it impossible to classify the beneficiary's 
knowledge of the petitioner's technology and processes as advanced, and precludes a finding that the 
beneficiary's role is "of crucial importance" to 'the organization. Although the lcnowledge need not be 
narrowIy held within an organization in order to be specialized knowledge, the L-IB visa cafegory was not 
created in order to allow the.transfer of employees with any degree of knowledge of a company's products. 
As the petitioner did not have sufficient notice of the deficiencies in its evidence, the petition will be 
remanded, and the petitioner shall be. given the opportunity to submit additional evidence in order to establish 
the beneficiary's specialized knowledge qualifications. 
WAC 04 180 50142 
Page 12 
In this matter, the evidence of record raises underlying questions regarding eligibility. Further evidence is 
required In order to establish that the petitioner and beneficiary meet the requirements for L-1B classification. 
The director's decision will be withdrawn and the matter remanded for further consideration and a new 
decision. The direcfor is instructed to issue a request for evldence addressing the issues discussed above, and any 
other evidence he deems necessary. 
ORDER: The dec&on of the director dated June 24,2004 is withdrawn. The matter is remanded for further 
action and consideration consistent with the above discussion and entry of a new decision.